Watching young children 'play' with information technology : everyday life information seeking in the home

Research on how young children use information to orient themselves in daily life and to solve problems (known as everyday life information seeking or ELIS) has not been conducted, in-depth, in information science. This exploratory observation study examines how 15 Australian preschool children (aged three to five) used information technologies in their homes to orient themselves in daily life and to solve problems. Children engaged in various ways with the digital technologies available to them and with parents and siblings during play activities. The results explore the value of artistic play, sociodramatic play, and early literacy and numeracy activities in shaping young children's ‘way of life’ and ‘mastery of life’ as outlined in Savolainen's (1995) ELIS model. Observed technology engagement provided an opportunity to explore children's social worlds and the ways that they gathered information during technology play that will inform future learning activities and support child development. By using ELIS theory as an analytic lens, the results demonstrate how children's developmental play with technology tools helps them to internalize social and cultural norms. The data also point to the type of capital available to children and how that capital contributes to children's emerging information practices

Feministische Kritik und Menschenrechte: Tagung vom 14. bis 15. Februar 2014 an der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg

"Unter der programmatischen Gegenüberstellung 'Feministische Kritik und Menschenrechte' wurde auf der Tagung teils theoretisch, teils anhand empirischer Forschungsergebnisse die Frage gestellt, inwiefern sich der feministische Diskurs mit den Menschenrechten vereinbaren lässt, wie ein Zugang zu den Menschenrechten basierend auf feministischer Kritik aussehen kann – oder ob beide Ansätze gar ineinander aufgehen können. Die Tagung, die am 14. und 15. Februar 2014 in Erlangen stattfand, wurde vom Arbeitskreis 'Politik und Geschlecht' der Deutschen Vereinigung für Politische Wissenschaft (DVPW) in Kooperation mit dem Lehrstuhl für Menschenrechte und Menschenrechtspolitik der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg initiiert und organisiert. Die Vorträge der Referent_innen aus unterschiedlichen Disziplinen bewegten sich im Spannungsfeld zwischen partikularistischen und universalistischen Interpretationen der Menschenrechte." (Autorenreferat)"Confronting the terms 'Feminist Critique and Human Rights', this conference looked both theoretically and empirically at how the feminist discourse can be squared with human rights, what genuine feminist access to the field of human rights could look like – or whether both concepts can even be merged. The conference took place on 14/15 February 2014 at the University in Erlangen and was organized by the Arbeitskreis Politik und Geschlecht of the Deutsche Vereinigung für Politische Wissenschaft (DVPW) in cooperation with the Chair of Human Rights and Human Rights Politics at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg. The speakers came from various disciplines and all the lectures were caught up in rivaling interpretations of human rights as either particularistic or universal." (author's abstract

Altering the primacy bias – How does a prior task affect mismatch negativity (MMN)?

The role in which two tones are first encountered in an unattended oddball sequence affects how deviance detection, reflected by mismatch negativity (MMN), treats them later when the roles reverse: a “primacy bias”. We tested whether this effect is modulated by previous behavioural relevance assigned to the two tones. To this end, sequences in which the roles of the two tones alternated were preceded by a go-nogo task in which tones were presented with equal probability. Half of the participants were asked to respond to the short sounds, the other half to long sounds. Primacy bias was initially abolished but returned dependent upon the gostimulus the participant was assigned. Results demonstrate a long-term impact of prior learning on deviance detection; and that even when prior importance/equivalence is learned, the bias ultimately returns. Results are discussed in terms of persistent go-stimulus-specific changes in responsiveness to sound

Dichotomous Impact of Myc on rRNA Gene Activation and Silencing in B Cell Lymphomagenesis

A major transcriptional output of cells is ribosomal RNA (rRNA), synthesized by RNA polymerase I (Pol I) from multicopy rRNA genes (rDNA). Constitutive silencing of an rDNA fraction by promoter CpG methylation contributes to the stabilization of these otherwise highly active loci. In cancers driven by the oncoprotein Myc, excessive Myc directly stimulates rDNA transcription. However, it is not clear when during carcinogenesis this mechanism emerges, and how Myc-driven rDNA activation affects epigenetic silencing. Here, we have used the Eµ-Myc mouse model to investigate rDNA transcription and epigenetic regulation in Myc-driven B cell lymphomagenesis. We have developed a refined cytometric strategy to isolate B cells from the tumor initiation, promotion, and progression phases, and found a substantial increase of both Myc and rRNA gene expression only in established lymphoma. Surprisingly, promoter CpG methylation and the machinery for rDNA silencing were also strongly up-regulated in the tumor progression state. The data indicate a dichotomous role of oncogenic Myc in rDNA regulation, boosting transcription as well as reinforcing repression of silent repeats, which may provide a novel angle on perturbing Myc function in cancer cells

Quadriceps tendon autograft is becoming increasingly popular in revision ACL reconstruction

© 2021, The Author(s). Purpose: To evaluate trends in revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R), with emphasis on intra-articular findings, grafts, and concurrent procedures. It was hypothesized that revision ACL-Rs over time show a trend toward increased complexity with increased use of autografts over allografts. Methods: This was a two-center retrospective study including patients undergoing revision ACL-R between 2010 and 2020. Demographic and surgical data including intra-articular findings and concurrent procedures were collected and compared for the time periods 2010–2014 and 2015–2020. All collected variables were compared between three pre-defined age groups (\u3c 20 years, 20–30 years, \u3e 30 years), right and left knees, and males and females. A time series analysis was performed to assess trends in revision ACL-R. Results: This study included 260 patients with a mean age of 26.2 ± 9.4 years at the time of the most recent revision ACL-R, representing the first, second, third, and fourth revision ACL-R for 214 (82%), 35 (14%), 10 (4%), and 1 (\u3c 1%) patients, respectively. Patients age \u3e 30 years showed a significantly longer mean time from primary ACL-R to most recent revision ACL-R (11.1 years), compared to patients age \u3c 20 years (2.2 years, p \u3c 0.001) and age 20–30 years (5.5 years, p \u3c 0.05). Quadriceps tendon autograft was used significantly more often in 2015–2020 compared to 2010–2014 (49% vs. 18%, p \u3c 0.001). A high rate of concurrently performed procedures including meniscal repairs (45%), lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET; 31%), osteotomies (13%), and meniscal allograft transplantations (11%) was shown. Concurrent LET was associated with intact cartilage and severely abnormal preoperative knee laxity and showed a statistically significant and linear increase over time (p \u3c 0.05). Intact cartilage (41%, p \u3c 0.05), concurrent medial meniscal repairs (39%, p \u3c 0.05), and LET (35%, non-significant) were most frequently observed in patients aged \u3c 20 years. Conclusion: Quadriceps tendon autograft and concurrent LET are becoming increasingly popular in revision ACL-R. Intact cartilage and severely abnormal preoperative knee laxity represent indications for LET in revision ACL-R. The high rate of concurrent procedures observed demonstrates the high surgical demands of revision ACL-R. Level of evidence: Level III

Randomized controlled trial investigating web-based, therapist delivered eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for adults with suicidal ideation

IntroductionPromising preliminary evidence suggests that EMDR may reduce suicidal ideation (SI) when used to treat Major Depressive Disorder, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and trauma symptoms in the context of acute mental health crises. EMDR has never been tested specifically for treating SI, and there is a lack of data regarding the safety and effectiveness of web-based, therapist-delivered EMDR in populations with known SI. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the impact of web-based, therapist-delivered EMDR, targeting experiences associated with suicidal thinking. Secondary objectives included examining the effect of EMDR treatment on symptoms of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, emotional dysregulation, and dissociation, as well as safety and attrition.MethodsThis randomized control trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID number: NCT04181047) assigned adult outpatients reporting SI to either a web-based EMDR intervention or a treatment as usual (TAU) group. TAU included primary and mental health services available within the Canadian public health system. Participants in the EMDR group received up to 12 web-based EMDR desensitization sessions, delivered twice weekly during the COVID-19 pandemic (2021-2023). The Health Research Ethics Board at the University of Alberta approved the protocol prior to initiation of data collection for this study (protocol ID number: Pro00090989).ResultsForty-two adult outpatients received either EMDR (n=20) or TAU (n=22). Participants reported a high prevalence of early onset and chronic SI, and there was a high rate of psychiatric comorbidity. In the EMDR group, median SI, depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic symptom scale scores decreased from baseline to the four month follow-up. In the TAU group, only the median SI and posttraumatic symptom scale scores decreased from baseline to four month follow up. Although sample size precludes direct comparison, there were numerically fewer adverse events and fewer dropouts in the EMDR group relative to the TAU group.ConclusionStudy results provide promising preliminary evidence that web-based EMDR may be a viable delivery approach to address SI. In this complex population, a short treatment course was associated with reductions of SI and other symptoms across multiple diagnostic categories. Further investigation is warranted to verify and extend these results.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04181047?id=NCT04181047&rank=1, identifier NCT0418104

Umgang mit Verschwörungsideologien im Unterricht und in der Schule

UMGANG MIT VERSCHWÖRUNGSIDEOLOGIEN IM UNTERRICHT UND IN DER SCHULE Umgang mit Verschwörungsideologien im Unterricht und in der Schule / Geffken, Lisa (Rights reserved) ( -

QuNex—An integrative platform for reproducible neuroimaging analytics

Introduction: Neuroimaging technology has experienced explosive growth and transformed the study of neural mechanisms across health and disease. However, given the diversity of sophisticated tools for handling neuroimaging data, the field faces challenges in method integration, particularly across multiple modalities and species. Specifically, researchers often have to rely on siloed approaches which limit reproducibility, with idiosyncratic data organization and limited software interoperability. Methods: To address these challenges, we have developed Quantitative Neuroimaging Environment & Toolbox (QuNex), a platform for consistent end-to-end processing and analytics. QuNex provides several novel functionalities for neuroimaging analyses, including a “turnkey” command for the reproducible deployment of custom workflows, from onboarding raw data to generating analytic features. Results: The platform enables interoperable integration of multi-modal, community-developed neuroimaging software through an extension framework with a software development kit (SDK) for seamless integration of community tools. Critically, it supports high-throughput, parallel processing in high-performance compute environments, either locally or in the cloud. Notably, QuNex has successfully processed over 10,000 scans across neuroimaging consortia, including multiple clinical datasets. Moreover, QuNex enables integration of human and non-human workflows via a cohesive translational platform. Discussion: Collectively, this effort stands to significantly impact neuroimaging method integration across acquisition approaches, pipelines, datasets, computational environments, and species. Building on this platform will enable more rapid, scalable, and reproducible impact of neuroimaging technology across health and disease

Triple Michelson Interferometer for a Third-Generation Gravitational Wave Detector

The upcoming European design study `Einstein gravitational-wave Telescope' represents the first step towards a substantial, international effort for the design of a third-generation interferometric gravitational wave detector. It is generally believed that third-generation instruments might not be installed into existing infrastructures but will provoke a new search for optimal detector sites. Consequently, the detector design could be subject to fewer constraints than the on-going design of the second generation instruments. In particular, it will be prudent to investigate alternatives to the traditional L-shaped Michelson interferometer. In this article, we review an old proposal to use three Michelson interferometers in a triangular configuration. We use this example of a triple Michelson interferometer to clarify the terminology and will put this idea into the context of more recent research on interferometer technologies. Furthermore the benefits of a triangular detector will be used to motivate this design as a good starting point for a more detailed research effort towards a third-generation gravitational wave detector.Comment: Minor corrections to the main text and two additional appendices. 14 pages, 6 figure