4,173 research outputs found
Patterns of Text Readability in Human and Predicted Eye Movements
It has been shown that multilingual transformer models are able to predict human reading behavior when fine-tuned on small amounts of eye tracking data. As the cumulated prediction results do not provide insights into the linguistic cues that the model acquires to predict reading behavior, we conduct a deeper analysis of the predictions from the perspective of
readability. We try to disentangle the three-fold relationship between human eye movements, the capability of language models to predict these eye movement patterns, and sentence-level readability measures for English. We compare a range of model configurations to multiple baselines. We show that the models exhibit difficulties with function words and that pre-training only provides limited advantages for linguistic generalization
Family-friendly backlash—Fact or fiction? The case of organizations\u27 on-site child care centers
Employer offerings of on-site child care benefits have grown tremendously in the past few decades; both beneficial and detrimental effects on worker attitudes and behaviors have been noted. Some research suggests that offering on-site child care benefits can cause resentment among childless workers and/or workers with children who do not use the center. In a field sample of 271 employees (mean age 34.5 yrs), current and past use of the on-site child care center, as well as anticipated future use of the on-site child care center, were related to more positive proximal reactions such as attitudes closely related to the on-site child care center, but not to more general attitudes or behaviors. Results indicate that any family-friendly backlash may be limited to proximal reactions. These findings are discussed in light of organizational justice theories
A Type IV Secretion System Contributes to Intracellular Survival and Replication of Burkholderia cenocepacia
Burkholderia cenocepacia is an important respiratory pathogen in persons with cystic fibrosis (CF). Recent studies indicate that B. cenocepacia survives within macrophages and airway epithelial cells in vitro by evading endosome-lysosome fusion. We investigated the role of a plasmid-encoded type IV secretion system in the intracellular survival, replication, and processing of B. cenocepacia. Both a wild-type strain (K56-2) and its type IV secretion system mutant (designated LC101) entered and replicated in CF airway epithelial cells and monocyte-derived macrophages. However, significantly more intracellular K56-2 than LC101 bacteria were found in both cell types at 24 h postinfection. Colocalization of bacteria with markers of the classical endocytic pathway indicated that although both K56-2 and LC101 reside transiently in early endosomes, a greater proportion of the mutant bacteria are targeted to lysosomal degradation. In contrast, wild-type bacteria escape from the classical endocytic pathway and traffic to the endoplasmic reticulum, where they replicate. Our results show that the intracellular processing of B. cenocepacia is similar in both professional and nonprofessional phagocytes and that a functional plasmid-encoded type IV secretion system contributes to the survival and replication of B. cenocepacia in eukaryotic cells
Large dispersive interaction between a CMOS double quantum dot and microwave photons
We report a large coupling rate, MHz, between the charge
state of a double quantum dot in a CMOS split-gate silicon nanowire transistor
and microwave photons in a lumped-element resonator formed by hybrid
integration with a superconducting inductor. We enhance the coupling by
exploiting the large interdot lever arm of an asymmetric split-gate device,
, and by inductively coupling to the resonator to increase its
impedance, . In the dispersive regime, the large
coupling strength at the DQD hybridisation point produces a frequency shift
comparable to the resonator linewidth, the optimal setting for maximum state
visibility. We exploit this regime to demonstrate rapid gate-based readout of
the charge degree of freedom, with an SNR of 3.3 in 50 ns. In the resonant
regime, the fast charge decoherence rate precludes reaching the strong coupling
regime, but we show a clear route to spin-photon circuit quantum
electrodynamics using hybrid CMOS systems.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure
Dietary Fat Intake and the Risk of Depression: The SUN Project
Emerging evidence relates some nutritional factors to depression risk. However, there is a scarcity of longitudinal
assessments on this relationship.
Objective: To evaluate the association between fatty acid intake or the use of culinary fats and depression incidence in a
Mediterranean population.
Material and Methods: Prospective cohort study (1999–2010) of 12,059 Spanish university graduates (mean age: 37.5 years)
initially free of depression with permanently open enrolment. At baseline, a 136-item validated food frequency
questionnaire was used to estimate the intake of fatty acids (saturated fatty acids (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA),
trans unsaturated fatty acids (TFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and culinary fats (olive oil, seed oils, butter and
margarine) During follow-up participants were classified as incident cases of depression if they reported a new clinical
diagnosis of depression by a physician and/or initiated the use of antidepressant drugs. Cox regression models were used to
calculate Hazard Ratios (HR) of incident depression and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for successive quintiles of fats.
Results: During follow-up (median: 6.1 years), 657 new cases of depression were identified. Multivariable-adjusted HR (95%
CI) for depression incidence across successive quintiles of TFA intake were: 1 (ref), 1.08 (0.82–1.43), 1.17 (0.88–1.53), 1.28
(0.97–1.68), 1.42 (1.09–1.84) with a significant dose-response relationship (p for trend = 0.003). Results did not substantially
change after adjusting for potential lifestyle or dietary confounders, including adherence to a Mediterranean Dietary
Pattern. On the other hand, an inverse and significant dose-response relationship was obtained for MUFA (p for trend = 0.05)
and PUFA (p for trend = 0.03) intake.
Conclusions: A detrimental relationship was found between TFA intake and depression risk, whereas weak inverse
associations were found for MUFA, PUFA and olive oil. These findings suggest that cardiovascular disease and depression
may share some common nutritional determinants related to subtypes of fat intake
Low-temperature tunable radio-frequency resonator for sensitive dispersive readout of nanoelectronic devices
We present a sensitive, tunable radio-frequency resonator designed to detect
reactive changes in nanoelectronic devices down to dilution refrigerator
temperatures. The resonator incorporates GaAs varicap diodes to allow
electrical tuning of the resonant frequency and the coupling to the input line.
We find a resonant frequency tuning range of 8.4 MHz at 55 mK that increases to
29 MHz at 1.5 K. To assess the impact on performance of different tuning
conditions, we connect a quantum dot in a silicon nanowire field-effect
transistor to the resonator, and measure changes in the device capacitance
caused by cyclic electron tunneling. At 250 mK, we obtain an equivalent charge
sensitivity of when the resonator and the line
are impedance-matched and show that this sensitivity can be further improved to
by re-tuning the resonator. We understand this
improvement by using an equivalent circuit model and demonstrate that for
maximum sensitivity to capacitance changes, in addition to impedance matching,
a high-quality resonator with low parasitic capacitance is desired.Comment: Includes supplementary informatio
Perceived discrimination and cancer screening behaviors in US Hispanics: the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study
Perceived discrimination has been associated with lower adherence to cancer screening guidelines. We examined whether perceived discrimination was associated with adherence to breast, cervical, colorectal, and prostate cancer screening guidelines in US Hispanic/Latino adults
Gendered academic adjustment among Asian American adolescents in an emerging immigrant community
Abstract: Research on the academic adjustment of immigrant adolescents has been predominately conducted in large cities among established migration areas. To broaden the field's restricted focus, data from 172 (58% female) Asian American adolescents who reside within a nontraditional or emerging immigrant community in the Southeastern US were used to examine gender differences in academic adjustment as well as school, family, and cultural variables as potential mediators of gender differences found. Results suggest that girls report significantly higher educational goals, intrinsic academic motivation, and utility value of school compared to boys. These gender differences are statistically mediated by ethnic exploration and family processes, most prominently, family respect. School connectedness and perceived discrimination are also associated with academic adjustment at the bivariate level, suggesting that academic success may be best promoted if multiple domains of influence can be targeted. gender | academic adjustment | Asian adolescents | immigrants | immigran
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