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    Bentonite fining during different white winemaking stages: effect on the chemical and sensory properties of the wine

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    This thesis shows the results obtained from adding bentonite at different stages of the alcoholic fermentation in protein stability and reducing the bentonite required to reach stability. Results reflect the effect of this practice on alcoholic fermentation, chemical composition of wines, protein content and profile, aromatic profile and foam quality. The study was carried at pilot and industrial scale, with several grape varieties, in different geographical areas and during three vintages. The advantage of using bentonite during alcoholic fermentation was established, especially in moderate doses, making the addition from the middle of fermentation, obtaining more stable wines with less bentonite. Wines that were stabilized by bentonite treatment during fermentation were the best sensorial evaluated. Reproducibility between scales was confirmed for almost every parameter checked. Protein fractions and bentonite stabilizing dose for the different white wines was also identified and correlated. A commonly used technique was improved, achieving better quality wines.En esta tesis se presentan los resultados de adicionar bentonita en diferentes etapas de la fermentaci贸n alcoh贸lica en la estabilidad proteica y en la reducci贸n de la dosis estabilizante de bentonita. Se aprecia el efecto en la fermentaci贸n, la composici贸n qu铆mica de los vinos, el contenido y perfil proteico, el perfil arom谩tico y la calidad de la espuma. El estudio fue realizado a escala piloto e industrial, con diferentes variedades de uva, en distintas zonas geogr谩ficas y durante tres vendimias. Se estableci贸 la ventaja de usar bentonita durante la fermentaci贸n, especialmente en dosis moderadas a partir de la mitad de la fermentaci贸n, obteni茅ndose vinos m谩s estables con menos bentonita y mejor evaluados sensorialmente. Se confirm贸 la reproductibilidad entre escalas para la mayor铆a de los par谩metros evaluados. Se identificaron y correlacionaron fracciones proteicas con dosis estabilizante de bentonita. As铆 se mejor贸 una t茅cnica com煤nmente usada para obtener vinos de mejor calidad
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