Language, Logic and Soteriology

The aim of the article is to describe the notion of language and some “logical’’ ideas that were developed by one of the greatest figure of Buddhist philosophy – Nāgārjuna. Moreover, this article will present the importance of the logical analysis of language as a factor contributory to the achievement of the ultimate goal of any Buddhist activity – enlightenment (nirvāṇa). The aim of the article is to describe the notion of language and some “logical’’ ideas that were developed by one of the greatest figure of Buddhist philosophy – Nāgārjuna. Moreover, this article will present the importance of the logical analysis of language as a factor contributory to the achievement of the ultimate goal of any Buddhist activity – enlightenment (nirvāṇa).

Establishing Sentence Boundary – man vs machine

The paper aims at presenting the results of an experiment checking the possibility of an accurate reconstruction of text sentence boundary done by humans and computer programme with possible application in presenting the output of automatic speech recognition systems. The results are compare with the assesment of received sentences acceptability.The paper aims at presenting the results of an experiment checking the possibility of an accurate reconstruction of text sentence boundary done by humans and computer programme with possible application in presenting the output of automatic speech recognition systems. The results are compare with the assesment of received sentences acceptability

The epistemological character of Buddhist logic

The article explores the relation between epistemology and the logical concepts developed by Buddhists. In the Indian philosophy logic is conceived as the theory of valid knowledge and its specific shape is determined by the character of epistemological conceptions. We are concentrated on the ideas developed in VI and VII centuries by the philosophers from the vijñānavāda sect. Though references to some theories of other Buddhist sects are inevitable.The article explores the relation between epistemology and the logical concepts developed by Buddhists. In the Indian philosophy logic is conceived as the theory of valid knowledge and its specific shape is determined by the character of epistemological conceptions. We are concentrated on the ideas developed in VI and VII centuries by the philosophers from the vijñānavāda sect. Though references to some theories of other Buddhist sects are inevitable

SIECI “SMART GRIDS” – WYZWANIA SYNCHRONIZACJI

This paper deals with crucial aspect of synchronization in modern power grids. It presents the concept of intelligent networks (“smart grids”), as the future of today’s grid infrastructure. The diversity of different grid codes in regards to the synchronization requirements for different Transmission System Operators (TSO) is discussed. This paper shows the applications of synchronizing algorithms, their role in power grid system.. The methods are classified according to application, the reference frame used and the possibility of using them in single and three phase systems. Proper selection of synchronization algorithms to meet the requirements of TSO’s calls for creation of appropriate evaluation methods. For this reason, at the end of the article quality criteria for the evaluation of synchronizing algorithms were proposed and explained in detail. Finally, the last section states what are the most commonly used methods for grid synchronization.Niniejszy artykuł zajmuje się kluczowym aspektem, jakim jest synchronizacja w nowoczesnych sieciach elektroenergetycznych. Przedstawia on koncepcję sieci inteligentnych („smart grids”),uważaną jako przyszłość dzisiejszej infrastruktury sieciowej. Omówiono w nim różnice w zakresie przepisów sieci energetycznych różnych operatorów w odniesieniu do wymagań synchronizacji z siecią. Opisane metody sklasyfikowano według ich typowych aplikacji, zastosowanego układu odniesienia i możliwości zastosowania w systemie jedno- lub trójfazowym. Odpowiedni dobór algorytmów synchronizacji by spełnić wymagania TSO postuluje powstanie właściwych  metod oceny tych algorytmów. Z tego powodu ostatni punkt artykułu opisuje i wyjaśnia szczegółowo dobrane kryteria oceny jakości algorytmów do synchronizacji. W ostatniej sekcji artykułu pokazano jakie są najczęściej stosowane metody do synchronizacji z siecią

Massage Therapy for Dystonia: A Case Report

Dystonia is a neurological disorder, characterized by involuntary muscle spasms and tremors, resulting in abnormal movements and posture. Symptoms include pain, spasms, tremors, and dyskinesia. Conventional treatments include medication, botulism injections, and surgical intervention. Many dystonia patients seek complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies such as massage, but the effects of treatments are not well documented. This study documents massage treatment for dystonia, in a specific case.  Objective: To examine the effects of massage on pain, dyskinesia, and functional mobility in activities of daily living (ADL) in a patient with dystonia. Methods: A student massage therapist administered five treatments over a six-week period on a 51-year-old female patient diagnosed with dystonia. The patient presented with symptoms of pain, spasms, and tremors, affecting functional mobility in ADL. Treatments aimed to decrease pain and increase functional mobility, by reducing sympathetic nervous system (SNS) firing and increasing relaxation. Techniques applied included Swedish massage, hydrotherapy, myofascial release, stretching, and remedial exercise. Numeric rating scales (NRS) for pain, frequency of night pain, the Modified Bradykinesia Rating Scale (MBRS), the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, the Functional Rating Index (FRI) and the Modified Gait Efficacy Scale (MGES) were measured at the start and end of the study. Results: NRS generally remained the same or decreased. Positive outcomes were exhibited in the frequency of night pain, TUG, MBRS, and FRI. The MGES was negatively affected.Conclusion: Results suggest massage may temporarily decrease pain intensity, pain frequency, and dyskinesia, and improve functional mobility in ADL associated with dystonia. Discipline: Massage Therapy Faculty Mentor: Jeff Moggac

Magical Nature of Words in the Early Indian Notions of Language

The present paper aims to present the notion of language emerging from the ideas from the early, prephilosophical phase of the development of Indian thought. We start our investigation with the analysis of two Rigvedic hymns (circa 1600 BC). Then we proceed to some excerpts from Brahmanas texts (circa 1000 BC) and finally we end our inquiry with the analysis of selected parts of the Upanishads (circa 700 BC – 200 CE). The present paper aims to present the notion of language emerging from the ideas from the early, prephilosophical phase of the development of Indian thought. We start our investigation with the analysis of two Rigvedic hymns (circa 1600 BC). Then we proceed to some excerpts from Brahmanas texts (circa 1000 BC) and finally we end our inquiry with the analysis of selected parts of the Upanishads (circa 700 BC – 200 CE).

PORÓWNANIE DZIAŁANIA ALGORYTMÓW SYNCHRONIZACJI DLA ENERGOELEKTRONICZNYCH PRZEKSZTAŁTNIKÓW PODŁĄCZONYCH DO SIECI WEDŁUG ZAPROPONOWANYCH KRYTERIÓW OCENY

In this paper a comparison of synchronization methods for power electronics converters is presented. Proposed evaluation criteria are based on Transmission System Operators requirements, as well as on criteria parameters based on requirements for design, computation and operation under normal/distorted conditions. Additionally a classification of various kinds of synchronization algorithms is discussed with a brief description of the role of power electronics in the modern power systems. All of the tested algorithms were subjected to appropriate tests validating the quality criteria for each of them. The tests were performed in terms of simulations. The investigation results are summarized in the table, which can serve as a basic selection guide.Niniejszy artykuł zajmuje się porównaniem metod synchronizacji z siecią dla energoelektronicznych przekształtników. Zaproponowane kryteria oceny opierają się na wymaganiach Operatorów Systemów Przesyłowych, a także na wymaganiach związanych z projektowaniem samych algorytmów, mocą obliczeniową i działaniem w warunkach normalnych lub przy zakłóceniach występujących w sieci. Przedstawiono również klasyfikację różnego rodzaju algorytmów służących do synchronizacji razem z ogólnym opisem roli energoelektronicznych układów we współczesnych systemach energetycznych. Wszystkie przedstawione algorytmy zostały zbadane według odpowiednich testów, które pozwoliły na ocenę kryteriów jakości dla każdego z nich. Badania zostały przeprowadzone w formie symulacji. Wszystkie wyniki są podsumowane w formie tabeli, która może służyć jako podstawowy przewodnik do doboru odpowiedniego algorytmu synchronizacji

Proposal for new method to evaluate lichen refuges

The paper presents a novel proposal for the evaluation of lichen refuges based on observations conducted in mesoregions Krajeńskie Lakeland, Tucholskie Forest and Charzykowska Plain in the last 20 years. Four basic parameters should be taken into account when evaluating the natural significance of refuges. These are: the stability of the area, biodiversity (species abundance), the number of sites where valuable species occur and the possibility of their dispersal. The characteristics and point scales of these parameters, as well as examples of calculations, are presented

PRZEGLĄD METOD PLL DO SYNCHRONIZACJI Z SIECIĄ PRZEKSZTAŁTNIKÓW ENERGOELEKTRONICZNYCH

This paper deals with crucial aspect of synchronizing power converters connected to the utility grid. Today, many components of Distributed Power Generation Systems (DPGS), such as Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS), traction applications and power line conditioners containing power converters, have an important demand for optimized synchronization algorithms. It should be noted that also Transmission System Operator have specific requirements for synchronization with the grid. One of the possible ways to achieve a good performance in terms of synchronization is to use a Phase Locked Loop algorithm (PLL). This paper shows the results of investigation on different PLL methods, explaining how they work along with a summary describing their features, possibilities and drawbacks. In the end the impact of voltage unbalances and harmonics on synchronization algorithms is analyzed. The PLL methods were evaluate by the means of simulations.W artykule przedstawiono metody synchronizacji przekształtników energoelektronicznych z siecią elektroenergetyczna oparte na pętli sprzężenia fazowego PLL. Przedstawione modele matematyczne oparte są na transformacjach do wirującego układu odniesienia. Modele symulacyjne wykonano w kilku wersjach: w zamkniętej pętli fazowej z synchronicznie wirującym układem odniesienia PLL- SRF, w zmodyfikowanym układzie PLL-SRF z uogólnionym integratorem drugiego rzędu SOGI oraz w podwójnie odprzężonym systemem z dwoma wirującymi przeciwnie układami odniesienia DDSRF. Na podstawie wykonanych symulacji stwierdzono, że zamknięta pętla fazowa PPL z algorytmem SOGI pozwala uzyskać lepszą zbieżność, a algorytmy DDSRF poprawnie pracują nawet dla sieci niesymetrycznej z dużą zawartością harmonicznych czasowych