A simple model for the anomalous intrinsic viscosity of dendrimers

The intrinsic viscosity of dendrimers in solution shows several anomalous behaviors that have hitherto not been explained within the existing theoretical frameworks of either Zimm or Rouse. Here we propose a simple two-zone model based on the radial segmental density profile of the dendrimers and combine a non-draining core with a free-draining outer region description, to arrive at a simple formula that captures most of the main features in the intrinsic viscosity data obtained in experiments

コンイン マンゾクド ノ キテイ ヨウイン トシテノ コミュニケーション コクサイ ケッコン オ タイショウ トシタ カップル タンイ ノ ブンセキ カラ

国籍及び文化背景が異なる者同士の婚姻を「国際結婚」と定義し、一方は日本人でもう一方は外国人である日本在住の夫婦を調査対象とし、これらの国際結婚家庭における夫婦間コミュニケーションの構造及び婚姻満足度を、筆者が一九九七年に行った調査から得られたデータを用いて分析した。国際結婚夫婦のコミュニケーションの特徴であるが、夫日本人・妻外国人夫婦は妻日本人・夫外国人夫婦よりもコミュニケーションが活発で率直であり、コミュニケーションの情緒的共有も高い。そして前者の夫婦は後者より夫も妻も婚姻満足度が高い。さらに、夫の婚姻満足度は夫側のコミュニケーションの側面である「夫のコミュニケーションの情緒的共有」と「夫のコミュニケーションの率直さ」によって規定されるが、妻の婚姻満足度は妻側の側面である「妻のコミュニケーションの情緒的共有」、「妻のコミュニケーションの量」に規定される以外に、夫側の側面である「夫の言語コミュニケーションへの意欲」によっても規定されることが明らかになった。The aim of this paper is to investigate the communication structure between partners in intercultural marriages, and hence to clarify the effect of communication on the couples' satisfaction. Although communication is one of the most important elements in intercultural marriages, the research on this subject is far from comprehensive. Based on this consideration, a survey was conducted by the author in 1997 and some of the results are presented in this paper. At first, We found that communication between Japanese husband and foreigner wife is activer, more straightforward, and higher in the emotional effect than the communication between Japanese wife and foreigner husband.　Secondly, we found that husbands' satisfaction is affected by the emotional effect of husbands' expression and the husbands' communicative straightforwardness, while the wives' satisfaction is affected by the emotional effect of wives' expression, the quantity of wives' expression and the husbands' consciousness of verbal communication

Granular Partition and Concept Lattice Division Based on Quotient Space

In this paper, we investigate the relationship between the concept lattice and quotient space by granularity. A new framework of knowledge representation - granular quotient space - is constructed and it demonstrates that concept lattice classing is linked to quotient space. The covering of the formal context is firstly given based on this granule, then the granular concept lattice model and its construction are discussed on the sub-context which is formed by the granular classification set. We analyze knowledge reduction and give the description of granular entropy techniques, including some novel formulas. Lastly, a concept lattice constructing algorithm is proposed based on multi-granular feature selection in quotient space. Examples and experiments show that the algorithm can obtain a minimal reduct and is much more efficient than classical incremental concept formation methods

Contact characteristics of orthogonal face gear with spur involute pinion

The proposed mechanism of face gear shaping is applied to develop the mathematical model of face gears. Based on the developed mathematical model of the face gear, computer graph of the face gear set is created. Then, the transmission errors of the face gear pairs under various assembly errors are investigated based on the constraints theory of six-degree-of-freedom rigid body motion. The assembly errors are finally obtained by applying the TCA (tooth contact analysis) method. Also, the developed computer simulation programs quantitatively evaluate the influence of assembly errors including offset and angular position errors on the position of contact path and TE (transmission error) in a complete mesh cycle. Besides, the loaded tooth contact characteristics are investigated by using the FEM (finite element method) to study the stick-slip trajectories of the surfaces. The results are illustrated with numerical examples

Berberine induces caspase-independent cell death in colon tumor cells through activation of apoptosis-inducing factor

Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid derived from plants, is a traditional medicine for treating bacterial diarrhea and intestinal parasite infections. Although berberine has recently been shown to suppress growth of several tumor cell lines, information regarding the effect of berberine on colon tumor growth is limited. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the effects of berberine on regulating the fate of colon tumor cells, specifically the immorto Min mouse colonic epithelial (IMCE) cells carrying the Apcmin mutation, and of normal colon epithelial cells, namely young adult mouse colon (YAMC) epithelial cells. Berberine decreased colon tumor colony formation in agar, and induced cell death and LDH release in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in IMCE cells. In contrast, YAMC cells were not sensitive to berberine-induced cell death. Berberine did not stimulate caspase activation, and PARP cleavage and berberine-induced cell death were not affected by a caspase inhibitor in IMCE cells. Rather, berberine stimulated a caspase-independent cell death mediator, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) release from mitochondria and nuclear translocation in a ROS production-dependent manner. Amelioration of berberine-stimulated ROS production or suppression of AIF expression blocked berberine-induced cell death and LDH release in IMCE cells. Furthermore, two targets of ROS production in cells, cathepsin B release from lysosomes and PARP activation were induced by berberine. Blockage of either of these pathways decreased berberine-induced AIF activation and cell death in IMCE cells. Thus, berberine-stimulated ROS production leads to cathepsin B release and PARP activation-dependent AIF activation, resulting in caspase-independent cell death in colon tumor cells. Notably, normal colon epithelial cells are less susceptible to berberine-induced cell death, which suggests the specific inhibitory effects of berberine on colon tumor cell growth

Research on the function Mechanism of Patent Information in the Patent Operation of Enterprises in China

Patent operation, as a key activity of technological innovation and industrial transformation, is becoming increasingly important to economic development. On the basis of field investigation, a questionnaire is designed to investigate the application of patent information in the patent operation of Chinese enterprises. It is found that the biggest difficulty of Chinese enterprises is still lack of perfect patent database and patent information talents. Furthermore, the positive feedback mechanism between patent information and enterprise patent operation is analyzed, which is of great theoretical significance to our government and enterprises

Synthesis and characterization of 2-(2-benzhydrylnaphthyliminomethyl)pyridylnickel halides: formation of branched polyethylene

A series of 2-(2-benzhydrylnaphthyliminomethyl)pyridine derivatives (L1–L3) was prepared and used to synthesize the corresponding bis-ligated nickel(II) halide complexes (Ni1–Ni6) in good yield. The molecular structures of representative complexes, namely the bromide Ni3 and the chloride complex Ni6, were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction, and revealed a distorted octahedral geometry at nickel. Upon activation with either methylaluminoxane (MAO) or modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO), all nickel complex pre-catalysts exhibited high activities (up to 2.02 × 10⁷ g(PE) mol⁻¹(Ni) h⁻¹) towards ethylene polymerization, producing branched polyethylene of low molecular weight and narrow polydispersity. The influence of the reaction parameters and the nature of the ligands on the catalytic behavior of the title nickel complexes were investigated

Metallic nanostructures as electronic billiards for nonlinear terahertz photonics

Optical properties of metallic nanoparticles are most often considered in terms of plasmons, the coupled states of light and quasi-free electrons. Here we predict that confinement of electrons inside the nanostructure leads to another, very different, type of resonance, which determines the optical properties in the frequency range significantly below the plasmonic resonance. We demonstrate that closely placed confinement-induces resonances typically join into a single composite "super-resonance" which produces giant nonlinearity at low frequencies. Our simulations show how such nonlinearities can be used for efficient down-conversion of optical pump to terahertz and mid-infrared frequencies in sub-micrometer devices based on nanoparticle composites. We discuss the interaction of these quantum-confinement-induced resonances with the conventional plasmonic ones, as well as the unusual quantum level statistics, adapting here the paradigms of the electronic billiard theory.Comment: This is updates and improved version after a response to reviewer comment

Forest Soil Heterogeneity and Soil Sampling Protocols on Limestone Outctops: Example from SW China

Forest soil heterogeneity of outcrop karst was studied by testing soil organic carbon at a selected 20 m × 30 m plot set up in Maolan primitive karst forest area, southern Guizhou Province, China. 90 microhabitats in the plot are roughly classified into 7 distinct microhabitat There was great heterogeneity in the plot not only for soil distribution but for great difference of soil organic carbon content. Soil organic carbon (SOC) contents were much higher, ranging from 40.1 g/kg to 203.5 g/kg. The CV (coefficient of variation) value of SOC from 38 soil sampling points, 22 sampling microhabitats, each microhabitat type, and individual microhabitat was 43%, 41%, 2.2% to 42%, 14% to 57.3% respectively. This showed high soil heterogeneity in terms of soil distributing pattern, size and soil organic carbon SOC content in outcropped karst. Different methods were applied to calculate SOC content in the plot. Small discrepancies suggested that the mixed soil samples collected from the major microhabitat types covering 95% soil distributing area were capable of representing soil nutrient status of the whole plot