Transcategorial Shift in Mandarin Revisited: The Case of Nominalization

The article presents an analysis of transcategorial shift in Mandarin. Building on scholarly works conducted in the last century, this work sets out to present a new account of nominalization in terms of its underling cognitive mechanisms. A new notion, ontologicalization, is introduced into the study. It is argued that nominalization does exist in Mandarin and occurs on various levels, ranging from lexis to sentences. It may take on different forms, affix-derivation and zero-derivation. As detailed illustrations of the new approach, it is shown that structures like zhe ben shu de chuban (the publication of this book) and ta de bu lai (his not coming) are actually exocentric constructions and the possibility of defining de as a nominalizing infix

Atomic-scale Polarization Structures and Domain Dynamics in BiFeO3 Thin Films

Ferroelectric materials have been utilized in a broad range of electronic, optical, and electromechanical applications and hold the promise for the design of future high-density nonvolatile memories and multifunctional nanodevices. The applications of ferroelectric materials stem from the functional structures of domains and domain walls and the ability to switch them by applying an electric field. A fundamental understanding of the microscopic mechanism underlying the domain formation and the domain switching, therefore, is critical for design of practical ferroelectric devices. In this work, a systematic study of atomic-scale polarization structures and microscopic domain-switching processes in ferroelectric BiFeO3 thin films is performed by using atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The presented results, including structures and switching of strongly charged domain walls (sCDWs) and complex phenomena induced by nanoscale impurity defects, shed light on the interplay between ferroelectric polarization and bound charge, strain, or defect-induced local perturbations. This study opens up the possibility for developing novel ferroelectric nanodevices by control of sCDWs or through defect engineering.PHDMaterials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135901/1/linze_1.pd

A Study on Object-oriented Adverbials in Mandarin from a Cognitive Perspective

The ubiquity and elusive nature of object-oriented adverbials in Mandarin has been a heated topic of discussions in the Chinese linguistic community. Scholars analyzed the syntactic manifestations and semantic constraints of this phenomenon and placed Semantic Orientation Theory at the core of the researches. It is claimed that object-oriented adverbials originate from and can be converted back to be the attribute of the object. From a cognitive perspective, this paper argues that different sentence patterns are different cognitive gestalts and have different pragmatic and discourse functions. It is concluded that (1) there is no conversional relations between the adverbials and attributes even though they are both semantically related to the object; (2) object-oriented adverbial sentences and attributive sentences represent different kinds of cognitive construal, the former being dynamic and sequential while the latter being stative and holistic; (3) grammatical metonymy is the fundamental cognitive mechanism for the seemly mismatch of form and meaning language and the cognitive basis of the Semantic Orientation Theory founded by Chinese scholars

MegActor-ΣΣ: Unlocking Flexible Mixed-Modal Control in Portrait Animation with Diffusion Transformer

Diffusion models have demonstrated superior performance in the field of portrait animation. However, current approaches relied on either visual or audio modality to control character movements, failing to exploit the potential of mixed-modal control. This challenge arises from the difficulty in balancing the weak control strength of audio modality and the strong control strength of visual modality. To address this issue, we introduce MegActor-$Σ$: a mixed-modal conditional diffusion transformer (DiT), which can flexibly inject audio and visual modality control signals into portrait animation. Specifically, we make substantial advancements over its predecessor, MegActor, by leveraging the promising model structure of DiT and integrating audio and visual conditions through advanced modules within the DiT framework. To further achieve flexible combinations of mixed-modal control signals, we propose a ``Modality Decoupling Control training strategy to balance the control strength between visual and audio modalities, along with the ``Amplitude Adjustment inference strategy to freely regulate the motion amplitude of each modality. Finally, to facilitate extensive studies in this field, we design several dataset evaluation metrics to filter out public datasets and solely use this filtered dataset to train MegActor-$Σ$. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of our approach in generating vivid portrait animations, outperforming previous methods trained on private dataset

Control of Domain Structures in Multiferroic Thin Films through Defect Engineering

Domain walls (DWs) have become an essential component in nanodevices based on ferroic thin films. The domain configuration and DW stability, however, are strongly dependent on the boundary conditions of thin films, which make it difficult to create complex ordered patterns of DWs. Here, it is shown that novel domain structures, that are otherwise unfavorable under the natural boundary conditions, can be realized by utilizing engineered nanosized structural defects as building blocks for reconfiguring DW patterns. It is directly observed that an array of charged defects, which are located within a monolayer thickness, can be intentionally introduced by slightly changing substrate temperature during the growth of multiferroic BiFeO3 thin films. These defects are strongly coupled to the domain structures in the pretemperatureâ change portion of the BiFeO3 film and can effectively change the configuration of newly grown domains due to the interaction between the polarization and the defects. Thus, two types of domain patterns are integrated into a single film without breaking the DW periodicity. The potential use of these defects for building complex patterns of conductive DWs is also demonstrated.Engineered structural defects are used as nanosized building blocks for configuring domainâ wall patterns in multiferroic BiFeO3 thin films. By utilizing the interaction between the polarization and the defects, two types of twinning domain structures are integrated into a single film without breaking the domainâ wall periodicity.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146435/1/adma201802737-sup-0001-S1.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146435/2/adma201802737_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146435/3/adma201802737.pd

Giant Ferroelectric Polarization in Ultrathin Ferroelectrics via Boundary‐Condition Engineering

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138390/1/adma201701475.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138390/2/adma201701475_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138390/3/adma201701475-sup-0001-S1.pd

Spontaneous Hall effect enhanced by local Ir moments in epitaxial Pr2Ir2O7 thin films

Rare-earth pyrochlore iridates (RE2Ir2O7) consist of two interpenetrating cation sublattices, the RE with highly frustrated magnetic moments, and the iridium with extended conduction orbitals significantly mixed by spin-orbit interactions. The coexistence and coupling of these two sublattices create a landscape for discovery and manipulation of quantum phenomena such as the topological Hall effect, massless conduction bands, and quantum criticality. Thin films allow extended control of the material system via symmetry-lowering effects such as strain. While bulk Pr2Ir2O7 shows a spontaneous hysteretic Hall effect below 1.5 K, we observe the effect at elevated temperatures up to 15 K in epitaxial thin films on (111) yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates synthesized via solid-phase epitaxy. Similar to the bulk, the lack of observable long-range magnetic order in the thin films points to a topological origin. We use synchrotron-based element-specific x-ray diffraction and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism to compare powders and thin films to attribute the spontaneous Hall effect in the films to localization of the Ir moments. We link the thin-film Ir local moments to lattice distortions absent in the bulklike powders. We conclude that the elevated-Temperature spontaneous Hall effect is caused by the topological effect originating either from the Ir or Pr sublattice, with interaction strength enhanced by the Ir local moments. This spontaneous Hall effect with weak net moment highlights the effect of vanishingly small lattice distortions as a means to discover topological phenomena in metallic frustrated magnetic materials

Recent Progress in Brillouin Scattering Based Fiber Sensors

Brillouin scattering in optical fiber describes the interaction of an electro-magnetic field (photon) with a characteristic density variation of the fiber. When the electric field amplitude of an optical beam (so-called pump wave), and another wave is introduced at the downshifted Brillouin frequency (namely Stokes wave), the beating between the pump and Stokes waves creates a modified density change via the electrostriction effect, resulting in so-called the stimulated Brillouin scattering. The density variation is associated with a mechanical acoustic wave; and it may be affected by local temperature, strain, and vibration which induce changes in the fiber effective refractive index and sound velocity. Through the measurement of the static or dynamic changes in Brillouin frequency along the fiber one can realize a distributed fiber sensor for local temperature, strain and vibration over tens or hundreds of kilometers. This paper reviews the progress on improving sensing performance parameters like spatial resolution, sensing length limitation and simultaneous temperature and strain measurement. These kinds of sensors can be used in civil structural monitoring of pipelines, bridges, dams, and railroads for disaster prevention. Analogous to the static Bragg grating, one can write a moving Brillouin grating in fibers, with the lifetime of the acoustic wave. The length of the Brillouin grating can be controlled by the writing pulses at any position in fibers. Such gratings can be used to measure changes in birefringence, which is an important parameter in fiber communications. Applications for this kind of sensor can be found in aerospace, material processing and fine structures

A Study on Object-oriented Adverbials in Mandarin from a Cognitive Perspective

The ubiquity and elusive nature of object-oriented adverbials in Mandarin has been a heated topic of discussions in the Chinese linguistic community. Scholars analyzed the syntactic manifestations and semantic constraints of this phenomenon and placed Semantic Orientation Theory at the core of the researches. It is claimed that object-oriented adverbials originate from and can be converted back to be the attribute of the object. From a cognitive perspective, this paper argues that different sentence patterns are different cognitive gestalts and have different pragmatic and discourse functions. It is concluded that (1) there is no conversional relations between the adverbials and attributes even though they are both semantically related to the object; (2) object-oriented adverbial sentences and attributive sentences represent different kinds of cognitive construal, the former being dynamic and sequential while the latter being stative and holistic; (3) grammatical metonymy is the fundamental cognitive mechanism for the seemly mismatch of form and meaning language and the cognitive basis of the Semantic Orientation Theory founded by Chinese scholars.</jats:p

Composition Analysis and Identification of Ancient Glass Products

Based on the research on the rules of the classification of the two kinds of glass as the goal, take glass types as the dependent variable, the chemical composition content is the independent variable, and establish a model of decision tree classification, is based on chemical component content of glass type classification rule, then to analyze the chemical composition of each category, according to the laws of the elbow to calculate the clustering analysis, the optimal class number of k, the K-means clustering algorithm was used to subclassify the glass into K classes and quantify the types. The type was taken as the dependent variable, and the content of each chemical component was taken as the independent variable for decision tree classification. The sub-classification results based on the content of each chemical component and the chemical variables with significant effect on the sub-classification results were obtained. Perturbation was introduced to the chemical variables that had a significant effect on the subclassification results, and the subclassification changes after perturbation were studied to verify the sensitivity of the classification results. The results showed that the accuracy and sensitivity of the model were good.</jats:p