YOLO v7-ECA-PConv-NWD Detects Defective Insulators on Transmission Lines

This paper proposes an enhanced YOLO v7-based method for detecting insulator defects in transmission lines, addressing the challenges of low accuracy and high leakage rates caused by complex backgrounds and electric poles alongside varying sizes of insulator targets in the image. Firstly, to address the issue of background interference and improve the importance of insulator features, a lightweight attention mechanism named Efficient Channel Attention (ECA) was introduced. With the incorporation of ECA, this model could effectively suppress background noise and provide more focus to insulator regions, thus enhancing its ability to detect insulator defects accurately. Secondly, a partial convolution (PConv) approach was employed in the backbone network instead of conventional convolution, which learned some important channels. This substitution improved both the network model’s accuracy and the training speed. Finally, the Normalized Wasserstein Distance (NWD) prevented insulator features from being lost during pre-feature extraction, which reduced the leakage rate and improved the detection accuracy of small target insulators and defective insulators. The experimental results demonstrate that the improved YOLO v7 network model achieved an average detection accuracy (mAP) of 98.1%, recall of 93.7%, and precision of 96.8% on the TISLTR dataset. On the FISLTR dataset, the average detection accuracy (mAP) for flashover insulators was 93%, with a recall of 92.3% and precision of 87.1%. The average detection accuracy (mAP) for broken insulators was 92.2%, with a recall of 90.3% and a precision of 95.2%. These metrics demonstrate significant improvements in both datasets, highlighting the proposed algorithms’ strong generalization capability and practicable potential to detect insulator targets

Ovarian serous carcinogenesis from tubal secretory cells

Due to a poor understanding of tumorigenesis, ovarian cancers remain the most lethal gynecologic malignancy and cause horrific deaths. In the last decade, a new dualistic model for ovarian cancer was proposed, wherein ovarian serous cancers are classified as either high-grade or low-grade, with each having different tumorigenic processes, and pathologic and clinical features. Surprisingly, both high- and lowgrade ovarian serous cancers were recently found to originate not in the ovaries, but rather from the secretory cells of the fallopian tube, mostly from the tubal fimbriated ends. In this article, we review the evidentiary basis for the aforementioned paradigm shift in the cell origin of ovarian serous cancers, as well as its potential clinical implication

TMIE Is an Essential Component of the Mechanotransduction Machinery of Cochlear Hair Cells

SummaryHair cells are the mechanosensory cells of the inner ear. Mechanotransduction channels in hair cells are gated by tip links. The molecules that connect tip links to transduction channels are not known. Here we show that the transmembrane protein TMIE forms a ternary complex with the tip-link component PCDH15 and its binding partner TMHS/LHFPL5. Alternative splicing of the PCDH15 cytoplasmic domain regulates formation of this ternary complex. Transducer currents are abolished by a homozygous Tmie-null mutation, and subtle Tmie mutations that disrupt interactions between TMIE and tip links affect transduction, suggesting that TMIE is an essential component of the hair cell’s mechanotransduction machinery that functionally couples the tip link to the transduction channel. The multisubunit composition of the transduction complex and the regulation of complex assembly by alternative splicing is likely critical for regulating channel properties in different hair cells and along the cochlea’s tonotopic axis

Rational design of a genome‐based insulated system in Escherichia coli facilitates heterologous uricase expression for hyperuricemia treatment

Abstract Hyperuricemia is a prevalent disease worldwide that is characterized by elevated urate levels in the blood owing to purine metabolic disorders, which can result in gout and comorbidities. To facilitate the treatment of hyperuricemia through the uricolysis, we engineered a probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) named EcN C6 by inserting an FtsP‐uricase cassette into an “insulated site” located between the uspG and ahpF genes. Expression of FtsP‐uricase in this insulated region did not influence the probiotic properties or global gene transcription of EcN but strongly increased the enzymatic activity for urate degeneration, suggesting that the genome‐based insulated system is an ideal strategy for EcN modification. Oral administration of EcN C6 successfully alleviated hyperuricemia, related symptoms and gut microbiota in a purine‐rich food‐induced hyperuricemia rat model and a uox‐knockout mouse model. Together, our study provides an insulated site for heterologous gene expression in EcN strain and a recombinant EcN C6 strain as a safe and effective therapeutic candidate for hyperuricemia treatment

Mining trading patterns of pyramid schemes from financial time series data

The current studies relating to pyramid schemes are mostly about qualitative analysis, whereas the quantitative analysis is still rare owing to the insufficiency in knowledge of their specific trading modes. Often, the trading modes of pyramid schemes are inconspicuous in financial data, making it difficult to be identified in the data. In this study, we propose a quantitative framework for mining trading patterns of pyramid schemes from financial time series data. The framework includes two parts: Long Range Sequence De-noising (LoRSD) algorithm and Contrast Trading Pattern Mining (Contrast TPM) algorithm. LoRSD distinguishes noise items by folding the statistical frequent items and removes the infrequent items recursively. In Contrast TPM, we first identify the frequent one-itemset by comparing the pyramid-related samples with the general samples. Subsequently, a random model is added in the comparative analysis to generate the frequency conditions for mining pyramid scheme patterns. Instead of setting user-defined support thresholds, we adopt contrastive samples as benchmarks in determining the frequency conditions. Our extensive experiments on the financial data set including behaviour of a real-world pyramid scheme demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework in sequence de-noising and mining trading patterns of pyramid schemes from financial time series data

Overexpression and oncogenic function of HMGA2 in endometrial serous carcinogenesis

The high-mobility group A protein 2 (HMGA2) is a non-histone chromatin factor highly expressed in fetal tissue and malignant tumors but rarely detected within normal adult tissues. The clinical implications and biological functions of HMGA2 in endometrial carcinoma are largely unknown. Here we report that HMGA2 expression was barely detected in benign endometrium samples (2 of 28 samples). However, HMGA2 expression increased significantly from precancerous lesion endometrial glandular dysplasia (7 of 17, 41.2%), to serous endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma (5 of 8, 62.5%) and to full blown endometrial serous carcinoma (39 of 59, 66.1%). Functional characterization of HMGA2 revealed that the gene has both tumor growth promotion and metastasis. In addition, HMGA2 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through modulation vimentin and β-catenin. Furthermore, HMGA2 overexpression started from endometrial serous precancers, non-invasive cancers, as well as in full blown carcinomas in a p53 knockout mouse model we recently established in our laboratory. Our findings suggest that HMGA2 may serve as a useful diagnostic marker in the assessment of endometrial serous cancer and its precursor lesions.This study was partially supported by awards from National 863 Program (2014AA020605), and The National Natural Science Foundation of China (81472432, 81272857, 81171897).This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Silver-catalyzed direct conversion of epoxides into cyclopropanes using N-triftosylhydrazones

Abstract Epoxides, as a prominent small ring O-heterocyclic and the privileged pharmacophores for medicinal chemistry, have recently represented an ideal substrate for the development of single-atom replacements. The previous O-to-C replacement strategy for epoxides to date typically requires high temperatures to achieve low yields and lacks substrate range and functional group tolerance, so achieving this oxygen-carbon exchange remains a formidable challenge. Here, we report a silver-catalyzed direct conversion of epoxides into trifluoromethylcyclopropanes in a single step using trifluoromethyl N-triftosylhydrazones as carbene precursors, thereby achieving oxygen-carbon exchange via a tandem deoxygenation/[2 + 1] cycloaddition. The reaction shows broad tolerance of functional groups, allowing routine cheletropic olefin synthesis in a strategy for the net oxygen-carbon exchange reaction. The utility of this method is further showcased with the late-stage diversification of epoxides derived from bioactive natural products and drugs. Mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations elucidate the reaction mechanism and the origin of the chemo- and stereoselectivity

SnS2 Nanosheets with RGO Modification as High-Performance Anode Materials for Na-Ion and K-Ion Batteries

To date, the fabrication of advanced anode materials that can accommodate both Na+ and K+ storage is still very challenging. Herein, we developed a facile solvothermal and subsequent annealing process to synthesize SnS2/RGO composite, in which SnS2 nanosheets are bonded on RGO, and investigated their potential as anodes for Na+ and K+ storage. When used as an anode in SIBs, the as-prepared SnS2/RGO displays preeminent performance (581 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 80 cycles), which is a significant improvement compared with pure SnS2. More encouragingly, SnS2/RGO also exhibits good cycling stability (130 mAh g−1 at 0.3 A g−1 after 300 cycles) and excellent rate capability (520.8 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1 and 281.4 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1) when used as anode for PIBs. The well-engineered structure not only guarantees the fast electrode reaction kinetics, but also ensures superior pseudocapacitance contribution during repeated cycles, which has been proved by kinetic analysis