36 research outputs found
Training Effectiveness at PT XYZ Using Kirkpatrick Model and Return on Investment of Training (ROI-Training)
The goal of the research was to evaluate the effectiveness of Kirkpatrick model and Return on Investment of Training at PT XYZ. Observation was applied to this research. The result has shown several facts such as trainee\u27s feedback score was 4,62 above 4,10 as required by the company in terms of reaction, the average final exam score was 3,66 above 3,00 as required by the company in terms of learning, the trainees\u27 superiors\u27 feedback score was 3,53 above 3,00 as required by the company and Return on Investment of Training (ROI-Training) was 58,88% above 15% as required by the company. With these results, the company can conclude that the program is effective in nurturing its supervisory leaders
Enzymatic Reaction Modulated Gold Nanorod End-to-End Self-Assembly for Ultrahigh Sensitively Colorimetric Sensing of Cholinesterase and Organophosphate Pesticides in Human Blood
We present herein the first reported
self-assembly modulation of
gold nanorods (AuNRs) by enzymatic reaction, which is further employed
for colorimetric assays of cholinesterase (ChE) and organophosphate
pesticides (OPs) in human blood. ChE catalyzes its substrate (acetylthiocholine)
and produces thiocholine and acetate acid. The resulting thiols then
react with the tips of the AuNRs by SβAu conjunction and prevent
subsequent cysteine-induced AuNR end-to-end (EE) self-assembly. Correspondingly,
the AuNR surface plasmon resonance is regulated, which results in
a distinctly ratiometric signal output. Under optimal conditions,
the linear range is 0.042 to 8.4 ΞΌU/mL, and the detection limit
is as low as 0.018 ΞΌU/mL. As ChE is incubated with OPs, the
enzymatic activity is inhibited. So, the cysteine-induced assembly
is observed again. On the basis of this principle, OPs can be well
determined ranging from 0.12 to 40 pM with a 0.039 pM detection limit.
To our knowledge, the present quasi pU/mL level sensitivity for ChE
and the quasi femtomolar level sensitivity for OPs are at least 500
and 7000 times lower than those of previous colorimetric methods,
respectively. The ultrahigh sensitivity results from (1) the rational
choice of anisotropic AuNRs as building blocks and reporters and (2)
the specific structure of the enzymatic thiocholine. Because of ultrahigh
sensitivity, serum samples are allowed to be extremely diluted in
the assay. Accordingly, various nonspecific interactions, even from
glutathione/cysteine, are well avoided. So, both ChE and OPs in human
blood can be directly assayed without any prepurification, indicating
the simplicity and practical promise of the proposed method
From Pair to Single: Sole Fluorophore for Ratiometric Sensing by Dual-Emitting Quantum Dots
Intrinsic
dual-emitting doped ZnS:Mn<sup>2+</sup> quantum dots are promising
as sole fluorophore for ratiometric sensing. The ratiometric signals
are reliably output by three kinds of modulation modes, namely, electron
transfer, energy transfer, and chemical reaction, respectively. Compared
with a conventional QD-based pair-fluorophore system, such a comprehensively
ratiometric signal readout from a single fluorophore not only means
a fundamental breakthrough but will substantially simplify the design
and greatly promote the application of ratiometric sensing
Valence States Modulation Strategy for Picomole Level Assay of Hg<sup>2+</sup> in Drinking and Environmental Water by Directional Self-Assembly of Gold Nanorods
In
this study, we present a valence states modulation strategy
for picomole level assay of Hg<sup>2+</sup> using directional self-assembly
of gold nanorods (AuNRs) as signal readout. Hg<sup>2+</sup> ions are
first controllably reduced to Hg<sup>+</sup> ions by appropriate ascorbic
acid, and the reduced Hg<sup>+</sup> ions react with the tips of the
preadded AuNRs and form gold amalgam. Such Hg<sup>+</sup> decorated
AuNRs then end-to-end self-assemble into one-dimensional architectures
by the bridging effects of lysine based on the high affinity of NH<sub>2</sub>βHg<sup>+</sup> interactions. Correspondingly, the
AuNRsβ longitudinal surface plasmon resonance is gradually
reduced and a new broad band appears at 900β1100 nm region
simultaneously. The resulting distinctly ratiometric signal output
is not only favorable for Hg<sup>2+</sup> ions detection but competent
for their quantification. Under optimal conditions, the linear range
is 22.8 pM to 11.4 nM, and the detection limit is as low as 8.7 pM.
Various transition/heavy metal ions, such as Pb<sup>2+</sup>, Ti<sup>2+</sup>, Co<sup>2+</sup>, Fe<sup>3+</sup>, Mn<sup>2+</sup>, Ba<sup>2+</sup>, Fe<sup>2+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup>, Al<sup>3+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup>, Ag<sup>+</sup>, and Au<sup>3+</sup>, do not interfere with
the assay. Because of ultrahigh sensitivity and excellent selectivity,
the proposed system can be employed for assaying ultratrace of Hg<sup>2+</sup> containing in drinking and commonly environmental water
samples, which is difficult to be achieved by conventional colorimetric
systems. These results indicate that the present platform possesses
specific advantages and potential applications in the assay of ultratrace
amounts of Hg<sup>2+</sup> ions
Spatial distribution of the change rate of phenology shift (<i>RPS</i>) within different Holdridge life eco-zones during the growing season from 1982 to 2012 in the Northern Hemisphere.
<p>Positive values (red colors) represent later onset (BGS), later finish (EGS), longer duration (LGS) of phenology in a time series. (<i>a</i>), (<i>d</i>), (<i>g</i>): <i>RPS</i> of BGS for 1982β1992, 1992β2002 and 2002β2012, respectively. (<i>b</i>), (<i>e</i>), (<i>h</i>): <i>RPS</i> of EGS for 1982β1992, 1992β2002 and 2002β2012, respectively. (<i>c</i>), (<i>f</i>), (<i>i</i>): <i>RPS</i> of LGS for 1982β1992, 1992β2002 and 2002β2012, respectively.</p
Distribution of BGS, EGS changes in relation to the mean annual temperature (upper), and the frequency of pixel in relation to mean annual temperature (bottom) within the different Holdridge life eco-zones during 1982β2012.
<p>We used the 30-year mean annual temperature to represent the climatic temperature condition. Only pixels that BGS and EGS related to temperature for statistically significant at 90% confidence level are included. (Holdridge life eco-zones including boreal coniferous forest (<i>Ba</i>), boreal tundra woodland (<i>Bb</i>), boreal mountain system (<i>BM</i>), temperate continental forest (<i>TeDc</i>), and temperate steppe (<i>TeBSK</i>)).</p
Overall trends of phenological transitional dates (DOY, day of year) along the longitudinal gradient in Northern Hemisphere during 1982β2012.
<p>(<i>a</i>) overall trends in dates of vegetation phenology for 1982β2012. (<i>b</i>) variability of vegetation phenology along the latitudinal gradient from 1982 to 2002.The dark solid line indicates the mean and the shaded zone indicates the range of interannual variability.</p
Spatial distribution of the changes in dates of BGS, EGS, LGS and PGS over the past three decades in the Northern Hemisphere.
<p>Positive values (red colors) represent later onset (BGS), later finish (EGS), longer duration (LGS) and later peak of the growing season. (<i>a</i>), (<i>e</i>), (<i>i</i>): changes in dates of vegetation green-up for 1982β1992, 1992β2002 and 2002β2012, respectively (days yr<sup>-1</sup>). (<i>b</i>), (<i>f</i>), (<i>k</i>): changes in dates of vegetation senescence for 1982β1992, 1992β2002 and 2002β2012, respectively (days yr<sup>-1</sup>). (<i>c</i>), (<i>g</i>), (<i>l</i>): changes in dates of vegetation growing season length for 1982β1992, 1992β2002 and 2002β2012, respectively (days yr<sup>-1</sup>). (<i>d</i>), (<i>h</i>), (<i>m</i>): changes in dates of vegetation growing peak for 1982β1992, 1992β2002 and 2002β2012, respectively (days yr<sup>-1</sup>).</p
Statistical distribution of Correlation coefficients of the interannual variations of BGS, EGS and of the climatic data (spring temperature, autumn temperature and mean annual precipitation) in the Northern Hemisphere during 1982β2012.
<p>Statistical distribution of Correlation coefficients of the interannual variations of BGS, EGS and of the climatic data (spring temperature, autumn temperature and mean annual precipitation) in the Northern Hemisphere during 1982β2012.</p
Shifts of phenology metrics based on NOAA AVHRR data (1982β2002) and MODIS data (2002β2012) (days per decade).
<p>Shifts of phenology metrics based on NOAA AVHRR data (1982β2002) and MODIS data (2002β2012) (days per decade).</p