Treino Cognitivo de Memória com Idosos Saudáveis: Metanálise e Comparação de Estratégias

Memory training is an alternative for cognitive improvement with elderly, currently evidenced in Brazilian research. Nevertheless, there is no verification of the differences between types of training, in order to identify the effectiveness of different strategies in intervention. Therefore, this paper seeks to compare strategies adopted in the Brazilian context. A meta-analysis was carried out, evaluating the effect size, publication bias and heterogeneity of the studies. The results indicate a statistically insignificant effect from insignificant to moderate on the worked memory subsystems, although with a moderate and significant effect on incidental memory. The presence of bias in publications and high heterogeneity between studies are indicated. Subsequent meta-analyses should associate the results with methodological characteristics of the works.O treino cognitivo é um recurso possível para o aprimoramento da memória. Este trabalho busca comparar a eficácia de estratégias de treino de memória com idosos adotadas no contexto brasileiro. Pesquisou-se por estudos que apresentassem ensaios clínicos sobre efeitos de diferentes estratégias de memorização com idosos brasileiros. Realizou-se uma metanálise do tamanho de efeito (g de Hedges) das estratégias de nove estudos que resultaram com essas características. Evidenciaram-se efeitos do treino de insignificantes a moderados, mas não estatisticamente significativos, sobre as memórias de trabalho, episódica e semântica, além de moderado e significativo sobre a memória incidental. Isso indica que estudos brasileiros têm apresentado programas de treino com estratégias de memorização com efeito no máximo moderado sobre a memória de idosos

Meta-structure correlation in protein space unveils different selection rules for folded and intrinsically disordered proteins

The number of existing protein sequences spans a very small fraction of sequence space. Natural proteins have overcome a strong negative selective pressure to avoid the formation of insoluble aggregates. Stably folded globular proteins and intrinsically disordered proteins (IDP) use alternative solutions to the aggregation problem. While in globular proteins folding minimizes the access to aggregation prone regions IDPs on average display large exposed contact areas. Here, we introduce the concept of average meta-structure correlation map to analyze sequence space. Using this novel conceptual view we show that representative ensembles of folded and ID proteins show distinct characteristics and responds differently to sequence randomization. By studying the way evolutionary constraints act on IDPs to disable a negative function (aggregation) we might gain insight into the mechanisms by which function - enabling information is encoded in IDPs

児童虐待防止のための医療機関と地域保健機関の看護職の支援と連携

本研究では,一地方都市を対象に,医療機関と地域保健機関看護職の児童虐待防止のための支援と連携の現状や課題について面接調査を行った。地域の実情に反映した医療機関と地域保健機関の看護職の連携システムのあり方を提言することが目的である。医療機関,地域保健機関が支援した事例は,乳幼児が多く,援助開始時の重症度は,虐待予備軍および軽症が多かった。医療機関看護師は,何らかの健康障害をもち受診・入院してくる子どもとその家族に対して,症状・障害・発達の程度を理解し,成長に応じて子どもとの生活の中で効果的に関われるよう必要な知識・技術の獲得を支援し,家族を地域の育児支援へつなげていた。地域保健機関保健師は,母親の支援者となり,子どもの心身の健康を見守り,家族全体を支援者であると捉え社会資源を活用し,地域に密着した支援を提供していた。双方共に,児童虐待防止のための支援を提供していたことが明らかになった。This study investigated the supports, linking systems and responsibilities for nurses in medical and community health institutions for preventing child abuse in a municipality. Our purpose was to propose a linking system for these nurses that deal with child abuse directly. There were many babies and infants that the medical institutions and community health institutions supported, and at the time of the start of the support system, there were many cases of abuse and mild illness. The nurses in the medical institution support and understand the signs of child abuse and child development, and they acquire the knowledge and technology necessary to help a child grow normally. They also provide consultation for the family of a child who is hospitalized with a health disorder. The nurse then connects the family with a local child support agency. The nurses in the community health institutions help to support the mother and follow the mental and physical health of the child. The author once arrested a whole family and utilized social resources to support them as necessary, which helped prevent child abuse by all those involved.報告Report国立情報学研究所で電子