Die Fragen der Metaethik: Eine Untersuchung zum Aufbau der Ethik

Es wird eine »Landkarte« metaethischer Fragen gezeichnet, die deutlich machen soll, in welchem Verhältnis die wichtigsten Positionen zueinander stehen. Das Ziel der Arbeit lässt sich als die Untersuchung charakterisieren, welche Fragen der Metaethik in dem Sinne essentiell zukommen, als dass alle Beteiligten zu beantworten suchen, ohne sich über die Weise ihrer Beantwortung einig zu sein. Das Ergebnis spielt eine wichtige Rolle bei der Beantwortung der Frage, was Metaethik eigentlich ist

Selektion auf Methioninreichtum des Samenproteins bei heimischen Leguminosen

While grain legumes can be regarded as highly valuable protein source for animal nutrition, certain drawbacks inhibit their use as sole foodstuff for livestock. The nutrient quality is reduced by low concentrations of tryptophan and sulfur amino acids. In the past substantial breeding effort has been invested in the reduction of antinutritional components and disease resistance while the protein quality has not been a focal point. To improve the protein quality the elevation of the low sulfur amino acid content is of prominent importance especially for organic production where high methionine feed components are rare. The present work tries to establish a method to select methionine enriched grain legumes for further breeding steps. Agronomical important European grain legume species were investigated (Lupinus angustifolius L., Pisum sativum L. and Vicia Faba L.). Plants grown from chemically mutagenized seeds were screened according to leaf chlorophyll content, radicle growth in a phytotoxic ethionine solution and seed S-contents. Results indicate usefulness of the screening procedure for L. angustifolius (increase of methionine content by up to 20%) and partly for P. sativum, while not for V. faba

Accuracy and Longevity of an Implantable Continuous Glucose Sensor in the PRECISE Study: A 180-Day, Prospective, Multicenter, Pivotal Trial

It is known that continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems can lower mean glucose compared with episodic self-monitoring of blood glucose. Implantable CGM systems may provide additional benefits. We studied the Eversense (Senseonics Inc.) implantable CGM sensor in 71 participants aged 18 years and older with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in a 180-day multinational, multicenter pivotal trial. Participants used the CGM system at home and in the clinic. CGM accuracy was assessed during eight in-clinic visits with the mean absolute relative difference (MARD) for venous reference glucose values >4.2 mmol/L as the primary end point. Secondary end points included Clarke Error Grid Analysis and alarm performance. The primary safety outcome was device-related serious adverse events. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02154126. The MARD value against reference glucose values >4.2 mmol/L was 11.1% (95% CI 10.5, 11.7). Clarke Error Grid Analysis showed 99.2% of samples in the clinically acceptable error zones A and B. Eighty-one percent of hypoglycemic events were detected by the CGM system within 30 min. No device-related serious adverse events occurred during the study. Our results indicate the safety and accuracy of this new type of implantable CGM system and support it as an alternative for transcutaneous CG

Tests of the nature and of the gluon content of the \sigma(0.6) from D and D_{s} semileptonic decays

We summarize the different features which show that QCD spectral sum rule analyses of the scalar two- and three-point functions do not favour the $\bar uu+\bar dd$ interpretation of the broad and low mass $\sigma (0.6)$ and emphasize that a measurement of the $D_s$ semileptonic decays into $\pi\pi$ can reveal in a model-independent way its eventual gluon component $\sigma_B$. The analysis also implies that one expects an observation of the $K\bar K$ final states from the $\sigma_B$ which may compete (if phase space allowed) with the one from a low mass $\bar ss$ state assumed in the literature to be the SU(3) partner of the observed $\sigma (0.6)$ if the latter is a $\bar uu+\bar dd$ stateComment: 6 pages latex file. 4 fig.ep

Anti-inflammatory nuclear receptor superfamily in multiple sclerosis patients from Sardinia and Sweden

Several nuclear hormone receptors have been associated with inflammatory reactions. Particularly, liver X receptors (LXRs) have recently been identified as key transcriptional regulators of genes involved in lipid homeostasis and inflammation. LXRs are negative regulators of macrophage inflammatory gene expression. Multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system of unknown cause, is characterized by recurrent inflammation involving macrophages and their inflammatory mediators. Sweden belongs to the countries with a high MS incidence. In Italy, the MS incidence is lower, except on the island of Sardinia where the incidence is even higher than in Sweden. Subjects from Sardinia are ethnically more homogeneous, and differ from Swedes also regarding genetic background and environment. We studied mRNA expression of several nuclear hormone receptors in blood mononuclear cells (MNC) from female patients with untreated relapsing-remitting MS from Sassari, Sardinia, and Stockholm, Sweden. Sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HC) were from both areas. mRNA expression was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. We found altered mRNA expression of LXRs, estrogen receptors (ERs), and androgen receptor (AR) in MS. mRNA expression of both LXRα and LXRβ is lower in MS from Stockholm but not from Sassari. In particular, LXRα mRNA expression was significantly lower in MS from Stockholm as compared with all groups in the study including MS from Sassari. Low levels of ERα mRNA are seen in MS from both Stockholm and Sassari. The splice variant ERβcx showed significantly higher mRNA expression in MS from Sassari and Stockholm as compared with corresponding HC. In particular, ERβcx mRNA in MS from Sassari was remarkably higher as compared with all other groups in the study. Higher levels of AR mRNA are present in HC from Sassari. The findings indicate that the expression levels of anti-inflammatory nuclear receptor superfamily genes in MS appear to reflect both ethnic and environmental influences

Does plate position influence the outcome in midshaft clavicular fractures? A multicenter analysis

PURPOSE To date, it remains unclear whether superior or anterior plating is the best option for treating midshaft clavicular fractures. The aim of this study was to compare both techniques with regard to the incidence of implant removal due to implant irritation, risk of complications, time to union, and function. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, all midshaft clavicular fractures treated operatively between 2017 and 2020 in two hospitals in Switzerland were analyzed. The participating hospitals differed with regard to their standard practice; one offered superior plating only, while the other predominantly employed an anterior plate. The primary outcome was the incidence of implant removal for irritation. Secondary outcomes were time to union, complications, re-interventions, and range of motion during the follow-up period of at least 6 months. RESULTS In total, 168 patients were included in the study of which 81 (48%) received anterior plating and 87 (52%) superior plating. The overall mean age was 45 years (SD 16). There was no significant difference between anterior and superior plating with regard to implant removal (58.5% versus 57.1%, p = 0.887), infection (5.7% versus 1.8%, p = 0.071), and time to union (median 48 weeks versus 52 weeks, p = 0.643). Data on range of motion were available in 71 patients. There was no significant difference in anteflexion (median 180 degrees anterior versus 180 degrees superior) and abduction (median 180 degrees anterior versus 180 degrees superior) between the two groups. CONCLUSION This retrospective cohort study did not find sufficient evidence to recommend one implant position over the other for midshaft clavicular fractures with regard to removal due to irritation. Time to union was similar and Infections were equally rare in both groups. Notably, a considerable number of patients in both groups had their implants removed due to irritation. Larger prospective studies are needed to determine how much plate position contributes to the occurrence of irritation and whether other patient or implant-related factors might play a role. Until this is clarified, implant position should be based on surgeons preference and experience

Indirekte Selektionmethoden auf Methioninreichtum des Samenproteins bei heimischen Leguminosen

While grain legumes can be regarded as highly valuable protein sources for animal nutrition, ceratin drawbacks inhibit their use as sole foodstuff for livestock. The nutrient quality is reduced by low concentrations of tryptophan and sulfur amino acids

Reichweite einer mentalisierungsbasierten Pädagogik im Förderschwerpunkt emotionale und soziale Entwicklung. Ein narratives Review

Ziel des vorgelegten narrativen Reviews ist die kriteriengeleitete Zusammenschau von Forschungsergebnissen, um die Relevanz des Mentalisierungskonzepts und dessen Reichweite für den FSP ESENT zu diskutieren. Unter Verweis auf die skizzierten Forschungsergebnisse erweist sich das Mentalisierungskonzept samt des Ansatzes einer mentalisierungsbasierten Pädagogik als anschlussfähig. Kritisch hervorzuheben ist, dass bis heute kaum empirische Ergebnisse vorliegen, die explizit auf Schüler:innen mit emotional-sozialem Förderbedarf und Lehrkräften im FSP ESENT fokussieren. (DIPF/Orig.