Questions of translation and dilution: the CJEU rules on similarity between GOLDEN BALLS and BALLON D’OR.

The author argues that the Court of Justice of the European Union's (CJEU's) ruling in the 2014 joined Community trade mark (CTM)-related cases Intra-Presse v. OHIM, Golden Balls "does not expose any genuine loophole in statute nor in case law," but it reiterates a "global appreciation assessment of the likelihood of confusion" with regards to two signs. Trademark dilution, foreign languages, and a CTM dispute involving the Ballon d’Or football (soccer) awards. Distinctiveness is also examined

Ambush Marketing: A Study of Strategies and Legal Responses

Ambush marketing is defined as the unauthorised association by a third party with a major event, undermining the commercial function of official sponsorship. Established areas of law, such as intellectual property (trade mark, copyright), unfair competition or trade practice law, and the protection of Olympic Symbol under the Nairobi Treaty (1981) have left a grey area for ‘smart’ ambush marketers. This paper will present the results of a study of ambush marketing instances since 1984, and consider the effectiveness of current legal responses, especially special events legislation

HOMOGENEITY PURSUIT AND STRUCTURE IDENTIFICATION IN FUNCTIONAL-COEFFICIENT MODELS

This thesis explores the homogeneity of coefficient functions in nonlinear models with functional coefficients, and identifies the semiparametric modelling structure. With initial kernel estimate of each coefficient function, we combine the classic hierarchical clustering method and a generalised version of the information criterion to estimate the number of clusters each of which has the common functional coefficient and determine the indices within each cluster. To specify the semi-varying coefficient modelling framework, we further introduce a penalised local least squares method to determine zero coefficient, non-zero constant coefficients and functional coefficients varying with the index variable. Through the nonparametric kernel-based cluster analysis and the penalised approach, the number of unknown parametric and nonparametric components in the models can be substantially reduced and the aim of dimension reduction can be achieved. Under some regularity conditions, we establish the asymptotic properties for the proposed methods such as consistency of the homogeneity pursuit and sparsity. Some numerical studies including simulation and two empirical applications are given to examine the finite-sample performance of our methods

On-chip electro-optic tuning of a lithium niobate microresonator with integrated in-plane microelectrodes

We demonstrate electro-optic tuning of an on-chip lithium niobate microresonator with integrated in-plane microelectrodes. First two metallic microelectrodes on the substrate were formed via femtosecond laser process. Then a high-Q lithium niobate microresonator located between the microelectrodes was fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing accompanied by focused ion beam milling. Due to the efficient structure designing, high electro-optical tuning coefficient of 3.41 pm/V was observed.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure

Reply to “Comment on ‘Morphology of Silicon Nitride Grown from a Liquid Phase’”

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65586/1/j.1151-2916.2000.tb01257.x.pd