Electrical plans and specifications for a physical training center

Professional degre

Initial Development and Validation of the Deliberate Denial of Disordered Eating Behaviors Scale

It is common for individuals who engage in disordered eating behaviors to intentionally conceal symptomatology. The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable and valid measure of deliberate denial as it relates to disordered eating behaviors in a non-clinical population. Deliberate denial of disordered eating behaviors can be defined as any conscious omission, concealment, or misrepresentation of behavior related to disordered eating. The present scale was developed within the context of two studies. Study 1 focused on item generation. Items were based on the definition of deliberate denial of disordered eating behaviors, taken from existing eating disorder assessments and questionnaires, and generated from retrospective survey data. Then, three focus groups (N = 13) were asked to generate and review items. Results of the focus group suggested nearly all items (93%) are face valid, with participants indicating they assess aspects of deliberate denial of disordered eating. Focus group members generated 9 new items that were added to the scale. Next, an expert panel (N = 5) composed of eating disorder researchers and clinicians provided feedback on the questionnaire structure, instructions, response scale, item phrasing, and the scale utility. Overall, the expert panel endorsed the utility of the scale. They confirmed that a similar scale does not exist elsewhere in the research literature and that it possesses construct validity. Study 2 took the items generated from Study 1, administered the items to 311 undergraduate female students, and an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on the responses in order to derive the factor structure of the scale. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with varimax rotation was conducted (KMO=.95, Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity: χ2(741)=12,539.79, pχ2(136) =5,430.40, pα=.94). It was correlated positively with concealment and disordered eating and negatively with disclosure, indicating criterion and convergent validity. It was not associated with social desirability, suggesting discriminant validity. This 12-item scale is the first to measure deliberate denial of disordered eating and can be used to examine the role of denial in the onset and maintenance of disordered eating. Denial likely increases interpersonal problems that may, in turn, increase disordered eating and decrease help seeking behaviors, illuminating a need to address denial in identification, prevention, and treatment efforts

Investigating the Role of Denial in Interpersonal Formulations of Binge Eating Among Black and White College Women: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

Binge eating is a prominent concern with 2.8 million Americans meeting criteria for binge eating disorder and an additional 10-15% reporting loss of control and overeating behaviors that fail to meet diagnostic criteria. Despite the risk associated with binge eating in emerging adulthood, studies exploring differences in binge eating between Black and White college women have been limited. Black women may be more likely than White women to deny disordered eating behaviors, such as binge eating, due to pressure to reflect historical body positive ideals and heightened stigma regarding mental health issues in Black communities. Denial is worthy of attention because, according to an interpersonal formulation of eating disorder maintenance and etiology, engaging in binge eating increases interpersonal problems; in turn, these interpersonal problems are believed to intensify disordered eating. The primary goal of this study was to offer insight into similarities or differences in binge eating between Black and White college women, and whether denial of disordered eating can assist in explaining interpersonal formulations of disordered eating. The current research study included a baseline survey and 14 days of ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Three EMA assessments were completed each day. Black (n=35) and White (n=37) college women in young adulthood that were screened for engagement in denial of disordered eating reported on interpersonal factors, denial, engagement in binge eating, and help-seeking attitudes. There were no significant differences between races on attitudes towards help-seeking and denial of disordered eating at baseline. EMA results suggested that denial of disordered eating during the day was negatively associated with positive social interactions during the day and positive social interactions during the day were negatively associated with overeating at night. In addition, occurrence of social interaction and more positive social interactions during the day were negatively associated with negative affect during the day. Denial of disordered during the day was also positively associated with the occurrence of social interactions during the day and loss of control eating at night. Race moderated a relation between valence of social interactions and negative affect, such that this negative association was stronger for Black women. This study may contribute to the goal of understanding the impacts of denial in daily life and the development of prevention and intervention programs better suited to address disordered eating in young women; for example, future treatment may contain psychoeducation on the effects of denial or the importance of honest communication

An inquiry into media bias during the 2020 vice-presidential campaign: Framing agents of change in the New York Times and the Washington Post coverage

Master of ScienceDepartment of Journalism and Mass CommunicationsMajor Professor Not ListedThe New York Times (NYT) and the Washington Post (WP) are two of the most reputable and influential newspapers in the country. The NYT alone has 8 million subscribers and consumers of either newspaper can interact with stories from both outlets through their direct sites or social media channels (Fu & Shumate, 2017; Pew Research Center, 2021). Many in the public use these stories to form their ideas about political parties and politicians, and this substantial influence is why these two outlets were of interest for this thesis (Kane, 2020). The topic itself, how vice-presidential candidates Mike Pence and Kamala Harris were portrayed, was chosen because, as leading political figures for the United States, vice presidential candidates and their campaigns can be vitally important to the function of democracy. This information also may yield insights into political parties and their interactions with each other and the voting public at large (McCarthy, 2019). Along these lines, this thesis used the coverage from the NYT and the WP to construct a sample of media data that can examine the possibility of media bias. From a span of 2 weeks before the election and 2 weeks after the election, 76 articles, with 42 from the NYT and 34 from the WP, were chosen. The thesis used JASP, a software program for statistical modeling, to carry out a series of analyses focused on differences between coverage based on Pence and Harris. Results demonstrate significant differences in coverage of change associated with each candidate, and how race and gender were framed in relation to Pence or Harris. The findings of this thesis break new ground in understanding how these vice-presidential candidates were covered in the highly contentious and polarized 2020 election. In so doing, they also shed additional light on bias in media coverage

An Examination Of Trust In Contemporary American Society

It is hard to imagine a society functioning in the absence of trust. From the smallest incident—crossing the street when the light is green—to the most consequential events—a government fulfilling its pledge to pay Social Security—individuals must be able to rely on individuals and institutions to behave in a reliable and trustworthy manner. When trust is absent, chaos ensues. Of course, trust should not be given blindly; authentic trust needs to be earned and renewed (Fukuyama, 1995; Putnam, 2000)

Lipid phosphate phosphatases dimerise, but this interaction is not required for in vivo activity

BACKGROUND: Lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs) are integral membrane proteins believed to dephosphorylate bioactive lipid messengers, so modifying or attenuating their activities. Wunen, a Drosophila LPP homologue, has been shown to play a pivotal role in primordial germ cell (PGC) migration and survival during embryogenesis. It has been hypothesised that LPPs may form oligomeric complexes, and may even function as hexamers. We were interested in exploring this possibility, to confirm whether LPPs can oligomerise, and if they do, whether oligomerisation is required for either in vitro or in vivo activity. RESULTS: We present evidence that Wunen dimerises, that these associations require the last thirty-five C-terminal amino-acids and depend upon the presence of an intact catalytic site. Expression of a truncated, monomeric form of Wunen in Drosophila embryos results in perturbation of germ cell migration and germ cell loss, as observed for full-length Wunen. We also observed that murine LPP-1 and human LPP-3 can also form associations, but do not form interactions with Wunen or each other. Furthermore, Wunen does not form dimers with its closely related counterpart Wunen-2. Finally we discovered that addition of a trimeric myc tag to the C-terminus of Wunen does not prevent dimerisation or in vitro activity, but does prevent activity in vivo. CONCLUSION: LPPs do form complexes, but these do not seem to be specifically required for activity either in vitro or in vivo. Since neither dimerisation nor the C-terminus seem to be involved in substrate recognition, they may instead confer structural or functional stability through dimerisation. The results indicate that the associations we see are highly specific and occur only between monomers of the same protein

The effect of caffeine mouth rinse on self-paced cycling performance

The aim of the study was to determine whether caffeine mouth rinse would improve 30 min self-paced cycling trial. Twelve healthy active males (age 20.5±0.7 years, mass 87.4±18.3 kg) volunteered for the study. They attended the laboratory on 3 separate occasions performing a 30 min self-paced cycling trial. On one occasion water was given as a mouth rinse for 5 s (PLA), on another occasion a 6.4% maltodextrin (CHO) solution was given for 5 s and finally a caffeine solution (containing 32 mg of caffeine dissolved in 125 ml water; CAF) was given for 5 s. Distance cycled, heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, cadence, speed and power output were recorded throughout all trials. Distance cycled during the CAF mouth rinse trial (16.2±2.8 km) was significantly greater compared to PLA trial (14.9±2.6 km). There was no difference between CHO and CAF trials (P=0.89). Cadence, power and velocity were significantly greater during the CAF trial compared to both PLA and CHO (P0.05). Caffeine mouth rinse improves 30 min cycling performance by allowing the participant to increase cadence, power and velocity without a concurrent increase in perceived exertion and heart rate

Distinct regulation of ATM signaling by DNA single-strand breaks and APE1

In response to DNA double-strand breaks or oxidative stress, ATM-dependent DNA damage response (DDR) is activated to maintain genome integrity. However, it remains elusive whether and how DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) activate ATM. Here, we provide direct evidence in Xenopus egg extracts that ATM-mediated DDR is activated by a defined SSB structure. Our mechanistic studies reveal that APE1 promotes the SSB-induced ATM DDR through APE1 exonuclease activity and ATM recruitment to SSB sites. APE1 protein can form oligomers to activate the ATM DDR in Xenopus egg extracts in the absence of DNA and can directly stimulate ATM kinase activity in vitro. Our findings reveal distinct mechanisms of the ATM-dependent DDR activation by SSBs in eukaryotic systems and identify APE1 as a direct activator of ATM kinase