Le monde des militants d’extrême droite en Belgique, en France, en Allemagne, en Italie et aux Pays Bas

À partir d’une enquête comparative menée à l’aide d’histoires de vie dans cinq pays (Allemagne, Belgique, France, Italie, Pays-Bas), auprès de militant(e)s d’extrême droite, cet article montre que le trait commun, qui structure leur identité politique, est la stigmatisation dont ils font l’objet. Prenant l’exemple des Pays-Bas, où celle-ci atteint son paroxysme, les auteurs montrent comment les stratégies de réponse des militants, qui vont de la négation au retournement du stigmate, varient en fonction de leurs trajectoires d’entrée dans le mouvement, selon qu’elles sont vécues sur le mode de la continuité, de la conversion ou de la dépendance.Based on a comparative survey of the personal experiences of far-right activists in five countries (Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, and the Netherlands), this paper shows that the common factor structuring their political identity is the stigmatization to which they are subjected. The case of the Netherlands, where this has reached its paroxysm, is used by the authors to show how the activists’ response strategies, which range from denial to reversal of the stigma, vary according to the trajectories along which they joined the movement and on whether they perceive it in terms of continuity, conversion, or dependence

Revolutionaries, wanderers, converts, and compliants: Life histories of extreme right activists

Life-history interviews were conducted with thirty-six extreme right activists in the Netherlands (1996-1998). Becoming an activist was a matter of continuity, of conversion, or of compliance. Continuity denotes life histories wherein movement membership and participation are a natural consequence of prior political socialization; conversion to trajectories wherein movement membership and participation are a break with the past; and compliance to when people enter activism, not owing to personal desires but because of circumstances they deemed were beyond their control. Stories of continuity in our interviews were either testimonies of lifetimes of commitment to extreme right politics (labeled revolutionaries) or lifelong journeys from one political shelter to the other by political wanderers (labeled converts). Activists who told us conversion stories, we labeled converts and those who told compliance stories, compliants. The article presents a prototypical example of each type of career and suggests each prototype to hold for different motivational dynamics. © 2007 Sage Publications

Prioritisation criteria for the selection of new diagnostic technologies for evaluation

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Currently there is no framework for those involved in the identification, evaluation and prioritisation of new diagnostic technologies. Therefore we aimed to develop prioritisation criteria for the assessment of new diagnostic technologies, by gaining international consensus on not only which criteria should be used, but also their relative importance.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A two-round Delphi process was used to generate consensus amongst an international panel of twenty-six experts on priority criteria for diagnostic health technology assessment. Participants represented a range of health care and related professions, including government, industry, health services and academia.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Based on the responses to the first questionnaire 18 criteria were placed into three categories: high, intermediate and moderate priority. For 16 of the 18 criteria, agreement with the categorisation of the criteria into the high, intermediate and moderate categories was high at ≥ 70% (10 had agreement ≥ 80%). A further questionnaire and panel discussion reduced the criteria to 16 and two categories; seven were classified as high priority and nine intermediate.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study proposes an objective structure of prioritisation criteria to use when assessing new diagnostic technologies, based on an expert consensus process. The value of these criteria is that no one single component should be used as the decisive driver for prioritisation of new diagnostic technologies for adoption in healthcare settings. Future studies should be directed at establishing the value of these prioritisation criteria across a range of healthcare settings.</p

Peçeli kadın

Émile Richebourg'un Tercüman-ı Hakikat'te yayımlanan Peçeli Kadın adlı romanının ilk ve son tefrikalar

Antagonists of the Receptor-G Protein Interface Block Gi-coupled Signal Transduction

The carboxyl terminus of heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits plays an important role in receptor interaction. We demonstrate that peptides corresponding to the last 11 residues of Galphai1/2 or Galphao1 impair agonist binding to A1 adenosine receptors, whereas Galphas or Galphat peptides have no effect. Previously, by using a combinatorial library we identified a series of Galphat peptide analogs that bind rhodopsin with high affinity (Martin, E. L., Rens-Domiano, S., Schatz, P. J., and Hamm, H. E. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 361-366). Native Galphai1/2 peptide as well as several analogs were tested for their ability to modulate agonist binding or antagonist-agonist competition using cells overexpressing human A1 adenosine receptors. Three peptide analogs decreased the Ki, suggesting that they disrupt the high affinity receptor-G protein interaction and stabilize an intermediate affinity state. To study the ability of the peptides to compete with endogenous Galphai proteins and block signal transduction in a native setting, we measured activation of G protein-coupled K+ channels through A1 adenosine or gamma-aminobutyric acid, type B, receptors in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Native Galphai1/2, peptide, and certain analog peptides inhibited receptor-mediated K+ channel gating, dependent on which receptor was activated. This differential perturbation of receptor-G protein interaction suggests that receptors that act on the same G protein can be selectively disrupted

Ignition and combustion of high-energy materials containing aluminum, boron and aluminum diboride

Boron and its compounds are among the most promising metal fuel components to be used in solid propellants for solid fuel rocket engine and ramjet engine. Papers studying boron oxidation mostly focus on two areas: oxidation of single particles and powders of boron, as well as boron-containing composite solid propellants. This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the ignition and combustion of the high-energy material samples based on ammonium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, and an energetic combustible binder. Powders of aluminum, amorphous boron and aluminum diboride, obtained by the SHS method, were used as the metallic fuels. It was found that the use of aluminum diboride in the solid propellant composition makes it possible to reduce the ignition delay time by 1.7-2.2 times and significantly increase the burning rate of the sample (by 4.8 times) as compared to the solid propellant containing aluminum powder. The use of amorphous boron in the solid propellant composition leads to a decrease in the ignition delay time of the sample by a factor of 2.2-2.8 due to high chemical activity and a difference in the oxidation mechanism of boron particles. The burning rate of this sample does not increase significantly

SAEM Response to the National Institutes of Health request for information: Future directions in violence against women research

No abstrac

Association of the 6q23 region with the rate of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis

BACKGROUND: /st> Two novel genetic polymorphisms on chromosome 6q23 are associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Both polymorphisms (rs6920220 and rs10499194) reside in a region close to the gene encoding tumour necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3). TNFAIP3 is a negative regulator of NF-kappaB and is involved in inhibiting TNF-receptor-mediated signalling effects. Interestingly, the initial associations were detected in patients with longstanding RA. However, no association was found for rs10499194 in a Swedish cohort with early arthritis. This might be caused by over-representation of patients with severe disease in cohorts with longstanding RA. OBJECTIVE: /st> To analyse the effect of the 6q23 region on the rate of joint destruction. METHODS: /st> Five single nucleotide polymorphisms in 6q23 were genotyped in 324 Dutch patients with early RA. Genotypes were correlated with progression of radiographic joint damage for a follow-up time of 5 years. RESULTS: /st> Two polymorphisms (rs675520 and rs9376293) were associated with severity of radiographic joint damage in patients positive for anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPA). Importantly, the effects were present after correction for confounding factors such as secular trends in treatment. CONCLUSIONS: /st> These data associate the 6q23 region with the rate of joint destruction in ACPA+ RA.Pathophysiology and treatment of rheumatic disease