20 research outputs found
Østrogener fra human urin i miljøet
Human urin indeholder mange værdifulde næringsstoffer. I stedet for at oprense næringsstofferne fra spildevandet, kan urin med fordel tilbageføres til landbruget som organisk gødning. Samtidig ville man mindske østrogenbelastningen til de meget sårbare vandmiljøer. Men hvordan vil østrogenbelastningen i jord være ved brug af human urin i forhold til almindelige organiske gødninger
Cellulase recycling in biorefineriesis : is it possible?
On a near future, bio-based economy will assume a key role in our lives. Lignocellulosic materials (e.g., agroforestry residues, industrial/solid wastes) represent a cheaper and environmentally friendly option to fossil fuels. Indeed, following suitable processing, they can be metabolized by different microorganisms to produce a wide range of compounds currently obtained by chemical synthesis. However, due to the recalcitrant nature of these materials, they cannot be directly used by microorganisms, the conversion of polysaccharides into simpler sugars being thus required. This conversion, which is usually undertaken enzymatically, represents a significant part on the final cost of the process. This fact has driven intense efforts on the reduction of the enzyme cost following different strategies. Here, we describe the fundamentals of the enzyme recycling technology, more specifically, cellulase recycling. We focus on the main strategies available for the recovery of both the liquid- and solid-bound enzyme fractions and discuss the relevant operational parameters (e.g., composition, temperature, additives, and pH). Although the efforts from the industry and enzyme suppliers are primarily oriented toward the development of enzyme cocktails able to quickly and effectively process biomass, it seems clear by now that enzyme recycling is technically possible.Financial support from FEDER and Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT):
GlycoCBMs Project PTDC/AGR-FOR/3090/2012–FCOMP-01-0124-
FEDER-027948 and Strategic Project PEst-OE/EQB/LA0023/2013, Project
BBioInd-Biotechnology and Bioengineering for improved Industrial
and Agro-Food processes, REF. NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000028 Cofunded
by the Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON.2–O Novo
Norte), QREN, FEDER and the PhD grant to DG (SFRH/BD/88623/
2012) and ACR (SFRH/BD/89547/2012)
Surface properties correlate to the digestibility of hydrothermally pretreated lignocellulosic Poaceae biomass feedstocks
Near infrared spectroscopy as a screening tool for sugar release and chemical composition of wheat straw
Nitrogen fertilization affects silicon concentration, cell wall composition and biofuel potential of wheat straw
Cultivar variation and selection potential relevant to the production of cellulosic ethanol from wheat straw
Rapid estimation of sugar release from winter wheat straw during bioethanol production using FTIR-photoacoustic spectroscopy
Variation in the chemical composition of wheat straw: the role of tissue ratio and composition
A collection of genetically engineered Populus trees reveals wood biomass traits that predict glucose yield from enzymatic hydrolysis
Wood represents a promising source of sugars to produce bio-based renewables, including biofuels. However, breaking down lignocellulose requires costly pretreatments because lignocellulose is recalcitrant to enzymatic saccharification. Increasing saccharification potential would greatly contribute to make wood a competitive alternative to petroleum, but this requires improving wood properties. To identify wood biomass traits associated with saccharification, we analyzed a total of 65 traits related to wood chemistry, anatomy and structure, biomass production and saccharification in 40 genetically engineered Populus tree lines. These lines exhibited broad variation in quantitative traits, allowing for multivariate analyses and mathematical modeling. Modeling revealed that seven wood biomass traits associated in a predictive manner with saccharification of glucose after pretreatment. Four of these seven traits were also negatively associated with biomass production, suggesting a trade-off between saccharification potential and total biomass, which has previously been observed to offset the overall sugar yield from whole trees. We therefore estimated the "total-wood glucose yield" (TWG) from whole trees and found 22 biomass traits predictive of TWG after pretreatment. Both saccharification and TWG were associated with low abundant, often overlooked matrix polysaccharides such as arabinose and rhamnose which possibly represent new markers for improved Populus feedstocks.cited By 0</p