Running with injury: A study of UK novice and recreational runners and factors associated with running related injury

ObjectivesTo investigate the incidence and type of running related injuries in novice and recreational UK runners, and identify factors associated with injury.DesignRetrospective cross-sectional study.MethodsNovice and recreational runners were recruited through UK parkrun to complete a web-based survey. 1145 respondents reported information on demographics, personal characteristics, and running training characteristics (training goal, novice runners’ training plans, frequency of running, running experience, running terrain). Current and previous injuries were self-reported and questions from the Oslo Sports Trauma Centre Questionnaire for overuse injury were completed. Chi-squared tests and binomial logistic regression were performed.Results570 runners had a current injury and 86% were continuing to run despite their injury causing pain, directly affecting their performance and causing a reduction of running volume. In the first year of running, runners using a self-devised training programme were more likely to be injured compared with using a structured programme such as Couch to 5 K. Running experience of over 2 years was protective (OR 0.578–0.65). Males were 1.45 times more likely to be injured. Other factors associated with current injury were wearing orthotics (OR 1.88), and lack of previous injuries in the past 12 months (OR 1.44).ConclusionsMore experienced runners have a lower rate of injury. A novice runner should use a recognised structured training programme. These results suggest that graduated loading is important for novice runners, and that load modification may be important whilst recovering from an injury, however full recovery from previous injury may prevent future injury

Running coaches and running group leaders’ engagement with, and beliefs and perceived barriers to prehabilitation and injury prevention strategies for runners

ObjectivesTo identify which pre-and post-run injury risk reduction activities and prehabilitation (prehab) strategies Coaches and Running Group Leaders (Coaches/RGLs) engage in with runners; to explore their beliefs on why runners get injured; to identify Coaches/RGLs confidence providing injury prevention activities, and what they believe are effective for reducing risk of injury; to identify their perceived barriers to including prehab during running coaching/training.DesignSurvey; Participants: UK Coaches/RGLs (N = 100)Outcome measuresOnline questionnaire with open, closed and Likert scale questions.ResultsMost Coaches/RGLs performed active warm-ups (97%), cool-downs (94%),gave injury prevention advice (91%), and advice on recovery strategies (84%) during training. Fewer coaches/RGLs incorporated prehab (67%). Although they collectively exhibited a wide range of knowledge, individually there was less consistency and confidence providing this. Prehab was rated as very important for injury risk reduction, with supervision recommended to facilitate runner engagement. Coaches/RGLs found conflicting advice, time, environment, and resistance from runners as barriers to incorporating prehab into training.ConclusionCoaches/RGLs believe prehab is important for runners however lack of confidence and knowledge appeared to limit the wider inclusion of prehab with runners. Coaches/RGLs welcomed reputable information on prehab from evidence-based sources. This may assist in reducing injury

A pharmacological network for lifespan extension in Caenorhabditis elegans

One goal of aging research is to find drugs that delay the onset of age-associated disease. Studies in invertebrates, particularly Caenorhabditis elegans, have uncovered numerous genes involved in aging, many conserved in mammals. However, which of these encode proteins suitable for drug targeting is unknown. To investigate this question, we screened a library of compounds with known mammalian pharmacology for compounds that increase C. elegans lifespan. We identified 60 compounds that increase longevity in C. elegans, 33 of which also increased resistance to oxidative stress. Many of these compounds are drugs approved for human use. Enhanced resistance to oxidative stress was associated primarily with compounds that target receptors for biogenic amines, such as dopamine or serotonin. A pharmacological network constructed with these data reveal that lifespan extension and increased stress resistance cluster together in a few pharmacological classes, most involved in intercellular signaling. These studies identify compounds that can now be explored for beneficial effects on aging in mammals, as well as tools that can be used to further investigate the mechanisms underlying aging in C. elegans

Prospectus, March 23, 1983

ADMISSION POLICIES CHIEF CAUSE OF RESIGNATION: PARKLAND WOMEN\u27S BASKETBALL COACH RESIGNS; News Digest; Monticello wins overall; Time out; C-U Happenings; MDA needs volunteer attendants; Lobby display appreciated; Club Notes; NJCAA coverage considered \u27poor\u27; Profile: DAP instructor Lake; Finances influence spring break decisions: Question: What are you going to be doing over spring break?; Failure to register for draft: Tangle of red tape threatens financial aid process; PC financial aid is business as usual; Urban League priority: find jobs; We Saw You On Campus; Central Illinois part of Tornado Alley; Believe it or not..; Eight-state area is the tornado capital of the world; Classified; Skylines; Trivia quiz; The Ramones are true \u27rock and roll\u27; Enter Oscars contest today; Trivia quiz dies; Sport shorts; Parkland College Softball Schedule; Parkland College Baseball Schedule; Parkland College Outdoor Track Schedule; 1983 Parkland College Indoor Track All-Americanshttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1983/1021/thumbnail.jp

Effect of supervision and athlete age and sex on exercise-based injury prevention programme effectiveness in sport: A meta-analysis of 44 studies

We aimed to evaluate the influence of supervision, athlete age and sex and programme duration and adherence on exercise-based injury prevention programme effectiveness in sport. Databases were searched for randomized controlled trials evaluating exercise-based injury prevention programme effectiveness compared to “train-as-normal”. A random effects meta-analysis for overall effect and pooled effects by sex and supervision and meta-regression for age, intervention duration and adherence were performed. Programmes were effective overall (risk ratio (RR) 0.71) and equally beneficial for female-only (0.73) and male-only (0.65) cohorts. Supervised programmes were effective (0.67), unlike unsupervised programmes (1.04). No significant association was identified between programme effectiveness and age or intervention duration. The inverse association between injury rate and adherence was significant (β=-0.014, p = 0.004). Supervised programmes reduce injury by 33%, but there is no evidence for the effectiveness of non-supervised programmes. Females and males benefit equally, and age (to early middle age) does not affect programme effectiveness

Prospectus, April 9, 1983

WELCOME SPRING!; News Digest; Job fair figures show rosy future for some; PC donors can aid Miller; Editor accused of bias; PC jazz groups perform at UI; GM seminar offers new regional training; Animals suffer for science; Judges deliberating; Readers look to the stars for favorite feature: Question: What is your favorite Prospectus feature?; Instructor prefers teaching to testing; Club Notes; C-U happenings; Signs of Spring...; Classified; Skylines; Trivia quiz; Selleck adventure surprisingly good; Sport shortshttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1983/1020/thumbnail.jp

The WATER study: Which AquaTic ExeRcises increase muscle activity and limit pain for people with low back pain?

ObjectiveAquatic exercise therapy is used for the treatment and management of chronic low back pain (CLBP). However, to the authors’ knowledge, no studies to date have compared muscle activity between different aquatic exercises performed by people with CLBP. As such, this study assessed and compared muscle activity, pain, perceived exertion and exercise intensity between different rehabilitative aquatic exercises.DesignCross-sectional.SettingA 25-m indoor swimming pool within a university building.ParticipantsTwenty participants with non-specific CLBP.AssessmentTwenty-six aquatic exercises in shallow water (1.25-m depth). Muscle activity was quantified bilaterally for the erector spinae, multifidus, gluteus maximus and medius, rectus abdominis, and external and internal obliques.Main outcomesMean and peak muscle activity, pain (visual analogue scale), perceived exertion (Borg scale) and exercise intensity (heart rate).ResultsHip abduction/adduction and extension/flexion exercises produced higher activity for gluteal muscles. Variations of squat exercises increased the activity of back extensors. Higher abdominal muscle activity was produced with exercises that made use of buoyancy equipment and included leg and trunk movements while floating on the back, and with some proprioceptive and dynamic lower limb exercises. Pain occurrence and intensity were very low, with 17 exercises being pain free.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence on trunk and gluteal muscle activity, pain, intensity and perceived exertion for people with CLBP performing aquatic exercises. The findings may be useful when prescribing exercises for rehabilitation, as physiotherapists seek to implement progression in effort and muscle activity, variation in exercise type, and may wish to target or avoid particular muscles.Contribution of the Paper• This is the first study to compare trunk or gluteal muscle activity between 26 different aquatic rehabilitative exercises performed by people with CLBP.• Pain occurrence and intensity of aquatic exercises are very low, with most exercises being completely pain free.• The following aquatic exercises are particularly effective in increasing muscle activity: (a) hip abduction/adduction and extension/flexion exercises for gluteus maximus and medius; (b) squat exercises for back extensors (erector spinae and multifidus); and (c) exercises that make use of support buoyancy equipment and include leg movements while floating on the back for abdominals (rectus abdominis, and external and internal obliques)