The Impact of Foreign Liabilities on Small Firms: Firm-Level Evidence from the Korean Crisis

Using Korean firm-level data on publicly-listed and privately-held firms together with firm exit data, we find strong evidence of the balance-sheet effect for small firms at both the intensive and extensive margins. During the crisis, small firms with more short-term foreign debt are more likely to go bankrupt, and experience larger sales declines conditional on survival. The extensive margin accounts for a large fraction of small firmsÕ adjustment during the crisis. Consistent with many studies in the literature, large firms with larger exposure to foreign debt paradoxically have better performance during the crisis at both the intensive and extensive margin.financial crisis, firm-level data, balance-sheet effects, Korean economy

A unitary quantum lattice gas algorithm for two dimensional quantum turbulence

Quantum vortex structures and energy cascades are examined for two dimensional quantum turbulence (2D QT) at zero temperature. A special unitary evolution algorithm, the quantum lattice gas (QLG) algorithm, is employed to simulate the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) governed by the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation. A parameter regime is uncovered in which, as in 3D QT, there is a short Poincar\'e recurrence time. It is demonstrated that such short recurrence times are destroyed as the nonlinear interaction is strengthened. The similar loss of Poincar\'e recurrence is also reported in 3D QT [1] Energy cascades for 2D QT are considered to examine whether 2D QT exhibits inverse cascades as in 2D classical turbulence. In the parameter regime considered, the spectra analysis reveals no such dual cascades-dual cascades being a hallmark of 2D classical turbulence

Role of the conserved aspartate and phenylalanine residues in prokaryotic and mitochondrial elongation factor Ts in guanine nucleotide exchange

AbstractThe guanine nucleotide exchange reaction catalyzed by elongation factor Ts is proposed to arise from the intrusion of the side chains of D80 and F81 near the Mg2+ binding site in EF-Tu. D80A and F81A mutants of E. coli EF-Ts were 2–3-fold less active in promoting GDP exchange with E. coli EF-Tu while the D80AF81A mutant was nearly 10-fold less active. The D84 and F85 mutants of EF-Tsmt were 5–10-fold less active in stimulating the activity of EF-Tumt. The double mutation completely abolished the activity of EF-Tsmt

Towards customization : Evaluation of integrated sales, product, and production configuration

Acknowledgement We are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which helped us improve both the quality and presentation of the paper.Peer reviewedPostprin

Operating in Environments Affected by Uncertainty : Supply Chain Finance, Timely Information Sharing using Advanced Technology, and Financial Performance in Supply Chain Management 4.0

To be made open access under the Scottish Higher Education Digital Library (SHEDL)Peer reviewe

Roles of Residues in Mammalian Mitochondrial Elongation Factor Ts in the Interaction with Mitochondrial and Bacterial Elongation Factor Tu

The crystal structure of the complex between Escherichia coli elongation factors Tu and Ts (EF-Tu.Ts) and subsequent mutagenesis work have provided insights into the roles of a number of residues in E. coli EF-Ts in its interaction with EF-Tu. The corresponding residues in bovine mitochondrial EF-Ts (EF-Tsmt) have been mutated. The abilities of the resulting EF-Tsmt derivatives to stimulate the activities of both E. coli and mitochondrial EF-Tu have been tested. Mutation of several residues in EF-Tsmt corresponding to amino acids important for the activity of E. coli EF-Ts has little or no effect on the activity of the mitochondrial factor, suggesting that these factors may use somewhat different mechanisms to promote guanine nucleotide exchange. In general, mutations that reduce the strength of the interaction between EF-Tsmt and E. coli EF-Tu increase the ability of EF-Tsmt to stimulate the activity of the bacterial factor. In contrast, these mutations tend to reduce the ability of EF-Tsmt to stimulate the activity of EF-Tumt. For example, F19A/I20A and H176A derivatives of EF-Tsmt are as active as E. coli EF-Ts in simulating E. coli EF-Tu. However, these mutations significantly decrease the ability of EF-Tsmt to stimulate EF-Tumt

A Petri Net-based Approach to Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems Modeling

Reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMSs) have been used to provide manufacturing companies with the required capacities and capabilities, when needed. Recognizing (1) the importance of dynamic modeling and visualization in decision making support in RMSs and (2) the limitations of the existing studies, we model RMSs based on Petri net (PN) techniques with focus on the process of reconfiguring system elements while considering constraints and system performance. In response to the modeling difficulties identified, a new formalism of colored timed PNs is introduced. In conjunction with colored tokens and timing in colored PNs and timed PNs, we further define a reconfiguration mechanism to meet the modeling difficulties. A case study of an electronics product is reported as an application of the proposed colored timed PNs to RMS modeling

Poincare Recurrence and Spectral Cascades in Three-Dimensional Quantum Turbulence

The time evolution of the ground state wave function of a zero-temperature Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) gas is well described by the Hamiltonian Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation. Using a set of appropriately interleaved unitary collision-stream operators, a qubit lattice gas algorithm is devised, which on taking moments, recovers the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation under diffusion ordering (time scales as length2). Unexpectedly, there is a class of initial states whose Poincaré recurrence time is extremely short and which, as the grid resolution is increased, scales with diffusion ordering (and not as length3). The spectral results of J. Yepez et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 084501 (2009).] for quantum turbulence are revised and it is found that it is the compressible kinetic energy spectrum that exhibits three distinct spectral regions: a small-k classical-like Kolmogorov k−5/3, a steep semiclassical cascade region, and a large-k quantum vortex spectrum k−3. For most evolution times the incompressible kinetic energy spectrum exhibits a somewhat robust quantum vortex spectrum of k−3 for an extended range in k with a k−3.4 spectrum for intermediate k. For linear vortices of winding number 1 there is an intermittent loss of the quantum vortex cascade with its signature seen in the time evolution of the kinetic energy Ekin(t ), the loss of the quantum vortex k−3 spectrum in the incompressible kinetic energy spectrum as well as the minimalization of the vortex core isosurfaces that would totally inhibit any Kelvin wave vortex cascade. In the time intervals around these intermittencies the incompressible kinetic energy also exhibits a multicascade spectrum