HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF FOREST HONEY ON CARBON TETRACHLORIDE INDUCED FEMALE WISTAR RATS

Hepatoprotective effect study of forest honey had been conducted on a female rat induced with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The study aimed at obtaining the scientific data and the evidence of forest honey as hepatoprotective agent on the rat. The study was a true experimental study with a single factor completely randomized design. Thirty rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=5). Group I received carbon tetrachloride 2.0 mL/kgBW intraperitoneally, group II received olive oil 2.0 mL/kgBW intraperitoneally, group III received forest honey 8.1 mL/kgBW (6 days, peroral), groups IV, V, VI were given forest honey 3.6, 5.4, 8.1 mL/kgBW (6 days, peroral) and intraperitoneal induction of carbon tetrachloride 2 mL/kgBW on seventh day. The blood sample of all rats were taken for ALT-AST measurement and their liver were sampled for histological examination of the liver cell. Groups I and III on the seventh day, group II on the second day, groups IV,V,VI on the eighth day. The result showed that a forest honey can be used as a hepatoprotective agent on the female rat Wistar strain induced by carbon tetrachloride 2 mL/kgBW with doses 3.6, 5.4, 8.1 mL/kgBW

KORELASI RASIO LINGKAR PINGGANG PANGGUL (RLPP) TERHADAP PROFIL LIPID PADA PRA-GERIATRI DAN GERIATRI

Abstract: Abnormality of lipid profile is one of cardiovascular risk factors which increases with aging.Anthropometric measurement is one of the predictors of abnormal lipid profile without invasive methodsand affordable cost. One of the anthropometric measurements that could be used as a predictor is waist tohip ratio (WHR). The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between WHR with abnormality oflipid profile which were related to total cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High DensityLipoprotein (HDL), and triglyceride (TG) in pre-geriatrics and geriatrics group. This study was analyticalobservational with cross sectional design. Statistical analysis used Kolmogorov-Smirnov followedbivariable analysis with confidence interval (CI) 95%. The correlation statistical test used Pearson andSpearman. The results showed no statistically significant correlation between WHR with total cholesterol(r=-0.054, p 0.05), LDL (r=-0.047, p 0.05), TG (r=0.018, p 0.05), and HDL (r=0.016, p 0.05).Keywords: lipid profile, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), pre-geriatric, geriatr

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN MADU HUTAN TERHADAP PROLIFERASI LIMFOSIT PADA HEWAN UJI TIKUS JANTAN GALUR WISTAR

Abstract: Forest honey is produced by wild bees by taking nectars from several kinds of plant.One of active chemicals contained within honey is flavonoid. It is believed as animmunomodulator due to it has role in fighting against free radicals and increasing body immunesystem against disease infection. This research aimed to understand the influences of foresthoney administration to the lymphocyte proliferation on male mice Wistar family. This researchis a pure, experimental with one way, random research design. Total of 20 rats was divided into 4groups. Each group was given honey forest with dose of 0,27; 0.54; 1.08 mL/200 g BW, andnegative control group was given aquadest 2.5 mL/200 g BW. The lymphocyte proliferation ismeasured from the amount of lymphocyte based on Optical Density (OD) values, the read onELISA reader at the wavelength of 550 nm. The result shown that the administration of foresthoney has effect on significance increase the lymphocyte proliferation (p0.05) than negativecontrol on male mice Wistar family.Key words : Foresthoney, lymphocyte proliferation, immunomodulato

Frekuensi Genotip dan Alel Gena Sulfonylurea Receptor-1 (sur1) pada Subjek Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Suku Jawa

Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder that results from insulin secretion disorder, insulin action or both. SUR1 gene is part of KATP channel in the pancreatic β-cell that plays an essential role related with cell membrane depolarization and glucose-induced insulin secretion. The polymorphism p.R1273R of SUR1 gene, causes KATP channel failed to give feedback to metabolic activation, failed of closing KATP channel, reduces insulin secretion, impaired glucose tolerance, and causes type 2 diabetes. This is case-control study using 80 subjects consist of 40 subjects with type 2 diabetes as case and 40 subjects of non diabetes as control. The SUR1 gene p.R1273R polymorphism genotyping were detected by PCRRFLP. Data were statistically analyzed by t-test, Chi-Square. The genotype frequency distribution of p.R1273R SUR1 gene in type 2 diabetes subjects were 90% of GG genotype and 10% of AG genotype. In non diabetes subjects, GG genotype was 87,5% and AG genotype was 12.5%. In type 2 diabetes and non diabetes subjects the AA genotype was not observed. The allele frequency distribution in type 2 diabetes subjects G allele was 95% and A allele was 5%, in non diabetes subjects G allele was 93.75% and A allele was 6.25%. All the genotype and allele frequency distributions in type 2 diabetes and non diabetes subjects were not statistically significant (p = .723 genotype frequency; p = 0.732 allel frequency).Diabetes melitus tipe 2 merupakan penyakit metabolik yang disebabkan oleh gangguan sekresiinsulin, gangguan kerja insulin atau kedua-duanya. Gen SUR1 merupakan bagian dari kanal KATP di dalam sel β pankreas yang memiliki peran penting pada depolarisasi membran dan sekresi insulin yang diinduksi oleh glukosa. Polimorfisme p.R1273R gena SUR1 pada kanal KATP menurunkan kemampuan kanal KATP untuk merespon aktivator metabolik, sehingga penutupan kanal KATP terganggu, sekresi insulin menurun, terjadi Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) dan akhirnya menyebabkan DM tipe 2. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian kasus-kontrol dengan subjek penelitian sebanyak 80 orang yang terbagi dalam 2 kelompok yaitu 40 penderita DM tipe 2 tanpa komplikasi dan 40 orang tampak sehat non-DM sebagai kontrol. Genotiping polimorfisme p.R1273R gena SUR1 dilakukan dengan PCRRFLP. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan t-test, Chi-Square. Distribusi frekuensi genotip gena SUR1 pada subjek DM tipe 2 adalah 90% genotip GG dan 10% genotip AG, sedangkan pada subjek non-DM adalah 87.5% merupakan genotip GG dan 12.5% genotip AG. Pada subjek DM tipe 2 maupun non-DM tidak ditemukan genotip AA. Distribusi frekuensi alel gena SUR1 pada subjek DM tipe 2 adalah 95% alel G dan 5% alel A, pada subjek non-DM adalah 93.75% alel G dan 6.25% alel A. Distribusi frekuensi genotip dan alel gena SUR1 pada subjek DM tipe 2 dan non-DM secara statistik tidak berbeda secara signifikan (p = 0.723 frekuensi genotip; p = 0.732 frekuensi alel)

EFEK PEMBERIAN JUS BUAH PISANG AMBON (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum (L.) Kunt.) TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH TIKUS JANTAN GALUR WISTAR YANG TERBEBANI GLUKOSA

This research is to know the effect of giving Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum (L.) Kunt. juice to the blood glucose levels and to know the most effective of giving Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum (L.) Kunt. dose to lower the blood glucose levels in rats with oral glucose tolerance. This research was experimental study with one way-complete-random design using 25 male rats were divided into five groups. The rats in group I (negative control) were given of CMC 1%, the group II rats were given 0.64mg/kgBW doses of Glibenclamide (positive control), and group III,IV and V were given 5, 10 and 20 ml/kgBW doses of Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum (L.) Kunt. juice. The hypoglycemic effect of Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum (L.) Kunt. juice was tested by following the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) method. The blood-glucose contents were taken, at 0 minutes before OGTT, and also taken at minutes of 15, 20, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 after OGTT, from the tested animal that had been gotten the pre-treatment of negative control, positive control and Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum (L.) Kunt. juice. The blood glucose levels was determined by using enzymatis GOD-PAP method. The AUC0-240 was statistically analyzed using one way ANOVA and Scheffe test with 95% convidence level. The result of this research showed that Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum (L.) Kunt. can lower on rats in burdened glucose. The effective dose of Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum (L.) Kunt. juice can lower glucose blood levels at 5ml/kgBW

Efek Pemberian Jus Buah Pisang Kepok (Musa Paradisiaca Forma Typica) Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Tikus Jantan Galur Wistar Yang Terbebani Glukosa

This research aimed to determine the effects of administration of Musa paradisiaca forma typica juice on blood glucose levels and determine what dose of Musa paradisiaca forma typica juice which is most effective for lowering blood glucose levels in rats burdened glucose. This research was experimental with study with one way complete design using 25 male rats were divided into five groups. Group I (negative control) was given CMC 1%, group II (positive control) was given Glibenclamide dose of 0,64 mg/kgBW and group III, IV, V the rats were given 5; 10; 20 mL/kgBW dose of Musa paradisiaca forma typica juice, all of the processes were given through the oral method. Hypoglycemic effect of Musa paradisiaca forma typica juice was tested by following the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) method. The blood-glucose contents were taken, at the 0 minutes before the OGTT and also taken at minutes of 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 after the OGTT, from the tested animal that had been gotten the pre-treatment of the negative control, positive control and Musa paradisiaca forma typica juice before. Data of blood glucose levels was statistically analyzed using one way ANOVA and Scheffe test with 95% convidence level. The result of this research showed that Musa paradisiaca forma typica juice can lowering blood glucose levels on rats in burdened glucose. Dose Musa paradisiaca forma typica juice are most effective in lowering blood glucose levels in a dose was 10 mL/kgBW

Korelasi Rasio Lingkar Pinggang Panggul (Rlpp) terhadap Profil Lipid pada Pra-geriatri dan Geriatri

Abnormality of lipid profile is one of cardiovascular risk factors which increases with aging. Anthropometric measurement is one of the predictors of abnormal lipid profile without invasive methods and affordable cost. One of the anthropometric measurements that could be used as a predictor is waist to hip ratio (WHR). The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between WHR with abnormality of lipid profile which were related to total cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), and triglyceride (TG) in pre-geriatrics and geriatrics group. This study was analytical observational with cross sectional design. Statistical analysis used Kolmogorov-Smirnov followed bivariable analysis with confidence interval (CI) 95%. The correlation statistical test used Pearson and Spearman. The results showed no statistically significant correlation between WHR with total cholesterol (r=-0.054, p > 0.05), LDL (r=-0.047, p > 0.05), TG (r=0.018, p > 0.05), and HDL (r=0.016, p > 0.05)

Early Implementation of Universal Health Coverage Among Hypertension Subjects in Sleman District of Yogyakarta

Aim: to evaluate the participant rate of the new universal health coverage (UHC) and its impact on the hypertensive subjects from the rural area in the Sleman-District of Yogyakarta during the early implementation. Methods: this epidemiological survey of the new UHC implementation was included as an analytical crosssectional study done with cluster random sampling. The subject criteria were aged 30-85 year, not in pregnancy, and signed the informed-consent. Subjects were grouped based on the health coverage disparity and analyzed with chi-square statistics for the hypertension prevalence, awareness, therapy, and control. The additional variables of BMI, education, occupation, income, smoking, diet control, physical activity, and health facilities were grouped into binomial data and analyzed based-on the health coverage disparity. Results: of 926 total subjects, 602 (65.0%) subjects had the health coverage including 9.2% of the new UHC. The groups of with and without health coverage were not significantly different in hypertension prevalence, the profile of age, blood pressure, and the proportion of the other variables (p>0.05) except for smoking and physical activities. In the high blood pressure sub-group (n=446), the subjects without health coverage had lower proportion of the hypertension awareness p0.05). Conclusion: the participant rate of new UHC was relatively low at 9.2%. Among the subgroup with ≥140/90mmHg blood pressure, the subjects without health coverage were more likely to have lower hypertension awareness and suboptimal therapy than those with the health coverage program.Key words: universal health coverage, hypertension, awareness, therapy

THE METABOLIC DISORDERS AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AMONG LOWER SOCIOECONOMIC SUBJECTS IN YOGYAKARTA-INDONESIA

ABSTRACTObjectives: The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and obesity in developing countries was high regardless the socioeconomicstatus, whereas the awareness and the control of these metabolic disorders were inadequate. The aim was to compare the cardiovascular risk basedon numbers of metabolic disorders among lower socioeconomic subjects.Methods: The study was done with the analytical cross-sectional method. The subjects were selected with cluster random sampling from four villages.We included the subjects of 30-65 years old and signed the informed consent but excluded the subjects who had not fasted for 8-10 hrs. We analyzed the cardiovascular parameters among groups with ANOVA statistics, the difference between actual and heart vascular age (HVA) with paired t-test, and the change of six cardiovascular parameters with radar diagram. Results: The eligible subjects (n=222) comprised 0-4 metabolic disorders at 25.2%, 33.8%, 28.8%, 9.9%, and 1.8%, respectively; with age at 50.1±9.0 years; body mass index (BMI) 24.1±4.8 kg/m2; blood pressure (BP) 141.6±23.4/82.8±11.7 mmHg; fasting blood sugar (FBS) 98.7±37.4 mg/dL; total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 201.0±37.9 and 55.1±12.7 mg/dL; Framingham score was 11.4±8.9% (referred as medium risk); the difference between actual and HVA at 13.2±13.0 (p<0.05). Increasing metabolic disorders lead to higher BP, FBS, cholesterol, Framingham score, and the difference between actual and HVA (p<0.05) excluding BMI in the four metabolic disorder subgroup.Conclusion: The subjects had the medium cardiovascular risk with above normal BMI, BP, and total cholesterol profiles. The average age, BP, FBS,cholesterol, Framingham score, and HVA were likely to increase equivalent to the numbers of metabolic disorders.Keywords: Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, Dyslipidemia, Obesity, Cardiovascular risk, Metabolic disorders