Rebalancing climate finance : analysing multilateral development banks' allocation practices

Funding: Lina Xie thanks the financial support from the China Scholarship Council. The authors did not receive specific funding for this research project.This paper provides novel evidence on the climate financing practices of Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) and their long-term social and climate consequences. We find that the majority of MDB climate finance is for mitigation projects, concentrated in a few relatively wealthy countries, and positively correlates with countries' greenhouse gas emissions but not with their vulnerability to climate risks. A transition towards a more equal allocation between mitigation and adaptation can substantially reduce global climate vulnerability for an additional 1.9 billion people without significant changes in the annualized growth rate of emissions. Our results contribute to the discussion on global equity in climate finance allocation and the societal impact of climate change.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Public Financial Institutions and Climate Change

Climate finance is at the heart of addressing climate change. To limit the temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius, more than 4 billion USD of climate finance is required annually by 2030. Raising such amounts is challenging given the already high and rapidly increasing levels of public debt in relation to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and rising inflation worldwide. The UN Climate Change Conference 2021 (COP26) reinforced the importance of taking climate into account in every financial decision for both public and private financial actors. As significant asset owners, public financial institutions (PFIs) provide similar amounts of international climate finance as private institutions. Their investment allocation (e.g., shifting from carbon-intensive to low-carbon infrastructure) can substantially affect the climate system and emission trajectories. However, those PFIs are underappreciated in the academic debate about their engagement in climate actions. To understand the role and potential of PFIs in addressing climate change, we provide the basics about these institutions and why and how they might help address climate change

Data on the characterization and anticancer action of iron(II) polypyridyl complexes

AbstractThis data article contains complementary figures and results related to the research article entitled, “Cellular localization of iron(II) polypyridyl complexes determines their anticancer action mechanisms” [1] (Chen et al., 2015).The characterization of Fe(II) complexes by ESI-MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy, FT-IR spectra, UV–vis spectra was provided. Also,the data for the stability of Fe(II) complexes 1–5 in DMSO/Milli-Q water/ culture medium (without serum or phenol red) at 37°C at different periods of time by UV–vis spectra and 1H NMR was showed. At the same time, the anticancer efficacy, cellular distribution and ROS generation in MCF-7 cells of complexes are reported. In addition, we also show the cellular localization of complex 4, the relative fluorescence intensity of complex 1 and complex 3 pretreated with anti-TfR (2μg/mL) in MCF-7 cells using flow cytometry. The compilation of this data provides an invaluable resource for the wider research community and the interpretation of these data could be found in the research article noted above

2,2,4,4-Tetra­phenyl-1,3-bis­(3,3,5,5-tetra­methyl-1,1-diphenyl-5-vinyl­trisilox­an-1-yl)­cyclo­disilazane

The title mol­ecule, C60H70N2O4Si8, lies on an inversion center. In the asymmetric unit, one of the phenyl rings is disordered over two sets of sites with refined occupancies 0.58 (2) and 0.42 (2). In addition, in two substitution sites of the terminal dimeth­yl(vin­yl)silyl unit, a methyl group and the vinyl group are disordered over the same site with refined occupancies 0.523 (13) and 0.477 (13)

Epithelial Migration and Non-adhesive Periderm Are Required for Digit Separation during Mammalian Development.

The fusion of digits or toes, syndactyly, can be part of complex syndromes, including van der Woude syndrome. A subset of van der Woude cases is caused by dominant-negative mutations in the epithelial transcription factor Grainyhead like-3 (GRHL3), and Grhl3-/-mice have soft-tissue syndactyly. Although impaired interdigital cell death of mesenchymal cells causes syndactyly in multiple genetic mutants, Grhl3-/- embryos had normal interdigital cell death, suggesting alternative mechanisms for syndactyly. We found that in digit separation, the overlying epidermis forms a migrating interdigital epithelial tongue (IET) when the epithelium invaginates to separate the digits. Normally, the non-adhesive surface periderm allows the IET to bifurcate as the digits separate. In contrast, in Grhl3-/- embryos, the IET moves normally between the digits but fails to bifurcate because of abnormal adhesion of the periderm. Our study identifies epidermal developmental processes required for digit separation

Diagnostic and prognostic value of serum S100B in sepsis-associated encephalopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundIn sepsis, brain dysfunction is known as Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), which often results in severe cognitive and neurological sequelae and increases the risk of death. Our systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) in SAE patients.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of the databases PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane databases, CNKI, VIP, and WFSD from their inception dates until August 20, 2022. A Meta-analysis of the included studies was also performed using Review Manager version 5.4 and Stata16.0.ResultsThis meta-analysis included 28 studies with 1401 serum samples from SAE patients and 1591 serum samples from no-encephalopathy septic (NE) patients. The Meta-Analysis showed that individuals with SAE had higher serum S100B level than NE controls (MD, 0.49 [95% CI (0.37)-(0.60), Z =8.29, P < 0.00001]), and the baseline level of serum S100B in septic patients with burn was significantly higher than average (1.96 [95% CI (0.92)-(2.99), Z =3.71, P < 0.0002]) In addition, septic patients with favorable outcomes had lower serum S100B levels than those with unfavorable outcomes (MD, -0.35 [95% CI (-0.50)-(-0.20), Z =4.60, P < 0.00001]).ConclusionOur Meta-Analysis indicates that higher serum S100B level in septic patients are moderately associated with SAE and unfavorable outcomes (The outcomes here mainly refer to the mortality). The serum S100B level may be a useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of SAE