Chiral perturbation theory for heavy hadrons and chiral effective field theory for heavy hadronic molecules

Chiral symmetry and its spontaneous breaking play an important role both in the light hadron and heavy hadron systems. In this work, we shall review the investigations on the chiral corrections to the properties of the heavy mesons and baryons within the framework of the chiral perturbation theory ($\chi$PT). We will also review the scatterings of the light pseudoscalar mesons and heavy hadrons. Moreover, the modern nuclear force was built upon the chiral effective field theory ($\chi$EFT). In the past decades many new hadron states were observed experimentally. A large group of these states are near-threshold resonances, such as the charged charmoniumlike $Z_c$ and $Z_{cs}$ states, bottomoniumlike $Z_b$ states, hidden-charm pentaquark $P_c$ and $P_{cs}$ states and the doubly charmed $T_{cc}$ state etc. They are very good candidates of the loosely bound molecular states composed of a pair of charmed hadrons. The same chiral dynamics not only governs the nuclei and forms the deuteron, but also dictates the above shallow bound states or resonances. We will perform an extensive review on the progress on the heavy hadronic molecular states within the framework of $\chi$EFT.Comment: A Review on hadronic molecules in EFT frameworks with 168 pages and 67 figure

The Research of Biology Coupling Characteristics on the Shells of Haliotis discus hannai Ino

The surface morphologies, structures and materials of Haliotis discus hannai Ino shells were qualitatively studied by means of a stereoscopic microscope，a field emission scanning electronic microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer and X-ray diffractometer, and abrasive particle wear was qualitatively and quantitatively studied by means of a pin-on-disc apparatus. The results showed that the outer layer surface of Haliotis discus hannai Ino shells was non-smooth and had some strumae or similar parallel convex wave. The shells of Haliotis discus hannai Ino are polycrystalline composites of calcium carbonate and proteins and glycoproteins and consist of the periostracum, prismatic and nacreous layers with calcite in the outer prismatic layer and aragonite in the inner nacreous layer. Nacreous layer is a natural composite comprised of calcium carbonate in the aragonite polymorph with organic macromolecules sandwiched in between, and the coupling of platelet interlocks and organic materials makes nacreous layer to be strong and tough.The abrasive particle wear tests showed that the abrasion resistance was different on the different parts of the shells, and the left of the shells possessed the highest abrasion resistance and the abrasion resistance of the shells was the lowest on the edge of the right. The nacreous layer possessed higher abrasion resistance than prismatic layer because of the coupling of structure and materials of nacreous layer. Key words: Haliotis discus hannai Ino shells; morphology; structure; materials; anti-wear; biological character; couplin

Application of blends of walnut oil and palm stearin in soft spread base oil

To study the application of palm stearin and walnut oil blends in the base oil of soft spreads, the compatibility and crystalline properties of blends were determined. The results show that the SFC curves of blends changed in accordance with the characteristics of best SFC curve of soft spread when the content of walnut oil reached 20%, indicating the blends are suitable for soft spread base oil. At different temperatures, there were different compatibility between walnut oil and palm stearin. And the compatibility gradually became better with the increase of temperature. When the temperature was higher than 33.3 ℃, walnut oil and palm stearin can be completely compatible at all ratios. The yield value of palm stearin was much higher than the optimal yield value of soft spread, which means poor spread ability. The yield value of blends deceased upon addition of walnut oil. When the content of walnut oil was higher than 30%, the yield values of blends were in the range of soft spreads. Rheological temperature scanning results show that a strong crystal network existed in PST and the blends when the processing temperature was lower than 30 ℃, and can maintain a stable form during transportation and storage; it can also quickly melt near body temperature to give a similar taste to soft spread. The crystals in the blends are mainly β′ form. The results laid the foundation for the application of blends of palm stearin and walnut oil in soft spread