Identifi cation and characterization of components

In the information age, components in all kinds of electronic products occupy an important position, in particular, somecommon electronic components, electronic products is essential to the basic material. The performance of various typesof components, features, the use of the scope of the function of the electronic product design and manufacturing hasa very important role especially in the past period. Along with the rapid development of the electronics industry, newrequirements and components industry is also constantly using new materials. New technology has introduced newproducts for the development of electronic products to open up new ways. This chapter will be a number of commonlyused electronic components according to its type, performance characteristics and testing. As a brief introduction andstrive to have a wide range of components have a general understanding in order to facilitate product design and expandthe range of components used

Satellite-MEC Integration for 6G Internet of Things: Minimal Structures, Advances, and Prospects

The sixth-generation (6G) network is envisioned to shift its focus from the service requirements of human beings' to those of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices'. Satellite communications are indispensable in 6G to support IoT devices operating in rural or disastrous areas. However, satellite networks face the inherent challenges of low data rate and large latency, which may not support computation-intensive and delay-sensitive IoT applications. Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) is a burgeoning paradigm by extending cloud computing capabilities to the network edge. By utilizing MEC technologies, the resource-limited IoT devices can access abundant computation resources with low latency, which enables the highly demanding applications while meeting strict delay requirements. Therefore, an integration of satellite communications and MEC technologies is necessary to better enable 6G IoT. In this survey, we provide a holistic overview of satellite-MEC integration. We first discuss the main challenges of the integrated satellite-MEC network and propose three minimal integrating structures. For each minimal structure, we summarize the current advances in terms of their research topics, after which we discuss the lessons learned and future directions of the minimal structure. Finally, we outline potential research issues to envision a more intelligent, more secure, and greener integrated satellite-MEC network

Integrating Satellites and Mobile Edge Computing for 6G Wide-Area Edge Intelligence: Minimal Structures and Systematic Thinking

The sixth-generation (6G) network will shift its focus to supporting everything including various machine-type devices (MTDs) in an every-one-centric manner. To ubiquitously cover the MTDs working in rural and disastrous areas, satellite communications become indispensable, while mobile edge computing (MEC) also plays an increasingly crucial role. Their sophisticated integration enables wide-area edge intelligence which promises to facilitate globally-distributed customized services. In this article, we present typical use cases of integrated satellite-MEC networks and discuss the main challenges therein. Inspired by the protein structure and the systematic engineering methodology, we propose three minimal integrating structures, based on which a complex integrated satellite-MEC network can be treated as their extension and combination. We discuss the unique characteristics and key problems of each minimal structure. Accordingly, we establish an on-demand network orchestration framework to enrich the hierarchy of network management, which further leads to a process-oriented network optimization method. On that basis, a case study is utilized to showcase the benefits of on-demand network orchestration and process-oriented network optimization. Finally, we outline potential research issues to envision a more intelligent, more secure, and greener integrated network

Tightly-bound and room-temperature-stable excitons in van der Waals degenerate-semiconductor Bi4O4SeCl2 with high charge-carrier density

Excitons, which represent a type of quasi-particles consisting of electron-hole pairs bound by the mutual Coulomb interaction, were often observed in lowly-doped semiconductors or insulators. However, realizing excitons in the semiconductors or insulators with high charge carrier densities is a challenging task. Here, we perform infrared spectroscopy, electrical transport, ab initio calculation, and angle-resolved-photoemission spectroscopy studies of a van der Waals degenerate-semiconductor Bi4O4SeCl2. A peak-like feature (i.e., alpha peak) is present around ~ 125 meV in the optical conductivity spectra at low temperature T = 8 K and room temperature. After being excluded from the optical excitations of free carriers, interband transitions, localized states and polarons, the alpha peak is assigned as the exciton absorption. Moreover, assuming the existence of weakly-bound excitons--Wannier-type excitons in this material violates the Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relation. Besides, the exciton binding energy of ~ 375 meV, which is about an order of magnitude larger than those of conventional semiconductors, and the charge-carrier concentration of ~ 1.25 * 10^19 cm^-3, which is higher than the Mott density, further indicate that the excitons in this highly-doped system should be tightly bound. Our results pave the way for developing the optoelectronic devices based on the tightly-bound and room-temperature-stable excitons in highly-doped van der Waals degenerate semiconductors.Comment: Accepted by Communications Material

Experimental Studies on Breakup and Fragmentation Behavior of Molten Tin and Coolant Interaction

Jet breakup and fragmentation behavior significantly affect the likelihood (and ultimate strength) of steam explosion, but it is very challenging to assess the potential damage to reactor cavity due to general lack of knowledge regarding jet breakup phenomena. In this study, the METRIC (mechanism study test apparatus for melt-coolant interaction) was launched at Shanghai Jiao Tong University to investigate FCI physics. The first five tests on molten tin and water interactions are analyzed in this paper. Significant breakup and fragmentation were observed without considerable pressure pulse, and intense expansion of droplets in local areas was observed at melt temperature higher than 600°C. The chain interactions of expansion all ceased, however, and there was no energetic steam explosion observed. Quantitative analysis on jet breakup length and debris was studied to investigate the effect of the melt temperature, initial diameter of the jet, and so on. Furthermore, the results of tests were compared with current theories. It is found that melt temperature has strong impact on fragmentation that need to be embodied in advanced fragmentation models

Long-term follow-up of methimazole-associated insulin autoimmune syndrome: a rare case report

Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) is a rare cause of hypoglycemia and is characterized by the presence of insulin autoantibodies and fasting or late postprandial hypoglycemia. The number of reports on the association of long-term follow-up of IAS in China is limited. We herein report a case of drug-induced IAS in a 44-year-old Chinese woman. She had been taking methimazole for Graves’ disease and had subsequently presented with recurrent hypoglycemic episodes. Laboratory assessments on admission revealed that her serum insulin level was significantly elevated (>1000 µIU/mL) and that she was positive for serum insulin autoantibody, leading to a diagnosis of IAS. Human leukocyte antigen DNA typing identified *04:06/*09:01:02, an immunogenetic determinant associated with IAS. After treatment with prednisone for 2 months, the hypoglycemic episodes disappeared, her serum insulin level gradually declined, and her insulin antibody levels became negative. Clinicians should be aware of the potential for methimazole to trigger autoimmune hypoglycemia in people with a genetic predisposition