Analytical Potential Energy Function for the Ground State X^{1} Sigma^+ of LaCl

The equilibrium geometry, harmonic frequency and dissociation energy of lanthanum monochloride have been calculated at B3LYP, MP2, QCISD(T) levels with energy-consistent relativistic effective core potentials. The possible electronic state and reasonable dissociation limit for the ground state are determined based on atomic and molecular reaction statics. Potential energy curve scans for the ground state X^{1} Sigma^+ have been carried out with B3LYP and QCISD(T) methods due to their better performance in bond energy calculations. We find the potential energy calculated with QCISD(T) method is about 0.5 eV larger than dissociation energy when the diatomic distance is as large as 0.8 nm. The problem that single-reference ab initio methods don't meet dissociation limit during calculations of lanthanide heavy-metal elements is analyzed. We propose the calculation scheme to derive analytical Murrell-Sorbie potential energy function and Dunham expansion at equilibrium position. Spectroscopic constants got by standard Dunham treatment are in good agreement with results of rotational analyses on spectroscopic experiments. The analytical function is of much realistic importance since it is possible to be applied to predict fine transitional structure and study reaction dynamic process.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure, 3 table

Non-magnetic Stern-Gerlach Experiment from Electron Diffraction

Using the wave nature of the electrons, we demonstrate that a transverse spin current can be generated simply by the diffraction through a single slit in the spin-orbital coupling system of the two-dimensional electron gas. The diffracted electron picks up the transverse momentum. The up spin electron goes one way and the down spin electron goes the other, producing the coherent spin current. In the system of spin-orbital coupling $\sim10^{-13}$ eV$\cdot$m, the \emph{out-of-plane} component of the spin of the electron can be generated up to 0.42 $\hbar$. Based on this effect, a novel device of grating to distill spin is designed. Two first diffraction peaks of electron carry different spins, duplicating the non-magnetic version of Stern-Gerlach experiment. The direction of the spin current can be controlled by the gate voltage with low energy cost.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Crumpling wires in two dimensions

An energy-minimal simulation is proposed to study the patterns and mechanical properties of elastically crumpled wires in two dimensions. We varied the bending rigidity and stretching modulus to measure the energy allocation, size-mass exponent, and the stiffness exponent. The mass exponent is shown to be universal at value $D_{M}=1.33$. We also found that the stiffness exponent $\alpha =-0.25$ is universal, but varies with the plasticity parameters $s$ and $\theta_{p}$. These numerical findings agree excellently with the experimental results

Clean relaying aided cognitive radio under the coexistence constraint

We consider the interference-mitigation based cognitive radio where the primary and secondary users can coexist at the same time and frequency bands, under the constraint that the rate of the primary user (PU) must remain the same with a single-user decoder. To meet such a coexistence constraint, the relaying from the secondary user (SU) can help the PU's transmission under the interference from the SU. However, the relayed signal in the known dirty paper coding (DPC) based scheme is interfered by the SU's signal, and is not "clean". In this paper, under the half-duplex constraints, we propose two new transmission schemes aided by the clean relaying from the SU's transmitter and receiver without interference from the SU. We name them as the clean transmitter relaying (CT) and clean transmitter-receiver relaying (CTR) aided cognitive radio, respectively. The rate and multiplexing gain performances of CT and CTR in fading channels with various availabilities of the channel state information at the transmitters (CSIT) are studied. Our CT generalizes the celebrated DPC based scheme proposed previously. With full CSIT, the multiplexing gain of the CTR is proved to be better (or no less) than that of the previous DPC based schemes. This is because the silent period for decoding the PU's messages for the DPC may not be necessary in the CTR. With only the statistics of CSIT, we further prove that the CTR outperforms the rate performance of the previous scheme in fast Rayleigh fading channels. The numerical examples also show that in a large class of channels, the proposed CT and CTR provide significant rate gains over the previous scheme with small complexity penalties.Comment: 30 page

Study of Satisfaction of Inpatient Discharge Based on Nurses’ Perceptions

Patient satisfaction plays an important role in providing quality health care, and discharge satisfaction is part of overall patient satisfaction since it reveals how patients feel about their stay. In this paper, we evaluated inpatient discharge satisfaction based on nurses’ perceptions. An anonymous survey was used to evaluate how satisfied the patients were when being discharged from the acute care hospital with survey questions answered by nurses who work on medical-surgical floors. Data was collected from the questionnaires and analyzed using Excel