Quantification of propidium iodide delivery with millisecond electric pulses: A model study

A model study of propidium iodide delivery with millisecond electric pulses is presented; this work is a companion of the experimental efforts by Sadik et al. [1]. Both membrane permeabilization and delivery are examined with respect to six extra-cellular conductivities. The transmembrane potential of the permeabilized regions exhibits a consistent value, which corresponds to a bifurcation point in the pore-radius-potential relation. Both the pore area density and membrane conductance increase with an increasing extra-cellular conductivity. On the other hand, the inverse correlation between propidium iodide delivery and extra-cellular conductivity as observed in the experiments is quantitatively captured by the model. This agreement confirms that this behavior is primarily mediated by electrophoretic transport during the pulse. The results suggest that electrophoresis is important even for the delivery of small molecules such as propidium iodide. The direct comparison between model prediction and experimental data presented in this work helps validate the former as a robust predictive tool for the study of electroporation

Exploring Extended Scalar Sectors with Di-Higgs Signals: A Higgs EFT Perspective

We consider extended scalar sectors of the Standard Model as ultraviolet-complete motivations for studying the effective Higgs self-interaction operators of the Standard Model effective field theory. We investigate all motivated heavy scalar models which generate the dimension-6 effective operator, $|H|^6$, at tree level and proceed to identify the full set of tree-level dimension-six operators by integrating out the heavy scalars. Of seven models which generate $|H|^6$ at tree level only two, quadruplets of hypercharge $Y=3Y_H$ and $Y=Y_H$, generate only this operator. Next we perform global fits to constrain relevant Wilson coefficients from the LHC single Higgs measurements as well as the electroweak oblique parameters $S$ and $T$. We find that the $T$ parameter puts very strong constraints on the Wilson coefficient of the $|H|^6$ operator in the triplet and quadruplet models, while the singlet and doublet models could still have Higgs self-couplings which deviate significantly from the standard model prediction. To determine the extent to which the $|H|^6$ operator could be constrained, we study the dihiggs signatures at the future 100 TeV collider and explore future sensitivity of this operator. Projected onto the Higgs potential parameters of the extended scalar sectors, with $3$ ab$^{-1}$ luminosity data we will be able to explore the Higgs potential parameters in all seven models.Comment: 25 pages, 11 figures, 6 tables; version 3: match the JHEP published versio

Effects of electrode surface roughness on motional heating of trapped ions

Electric field noise is a major source of motional heating in trapped ion quantum computation. While the influence of trap electrode geometries on electric field noise has been studied in patch potential and surface adsorbate models, only smooth surfaces are accounted for by current theory. The effects of roughness, a ubiquitous feature of surface electrodes, are poorly understood. We investigate its impact on electric field noise by deriving a rough-surface Green's function and evaluating its effects on adsorbate-surface binding energies. At cryogenic temperatures, heating rate contributions from adsorbates are predicted to exhibit an exponential sensitivity to local surface curvature, leading to either a large net enhancement or suppression over smooth surfaces. For typical experimental parameters, orders-of-magnitude variations in total heating rates can occur depending on the spatial distribution of absorbates. Through careful engineering of electrode surface profiles, our results suggests that heating rates can be tuned over orders of magnitudes.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure

Projected Density Matrix Embedding Theory with Applications to the Two-Dimensional Hubbard Model

Density matrix embedding theory (DMET) is a quantum embedding theory for strongly correlated systems. From a computational perspective, one bottleneck in DMET is the optimization of the correlation potential to achieve self-consistency, especially for heterogeneous systems of large size. We propose a new method, called projected density matrix embedding theory (p-DMET), which achieves self-consistency without needing to optimize a correlation potential. We demonstrate the performance of p-DMET on the two-dimensional Hubbard model.Comment: 25 pages, 8 figure

Dimensions of fractals related to languages defined by tagged strings in complete genomes

A representation of frequency of strings of length K in complete genomes of many organisms in a square has led to seemingly self-similar patterns when K increases. These patterns are caused by under-represented strings with a certain "tag"-string and they define some fractals when K tends to infinite. The Box and Hausdorff dimensions of the limit set are discussed. Although the method proposed by Mauldin and Williams to calculate Box and Hausdorff dimension is valid in our case, a different and simpler method is proposed in this paper.Comment: 9 pages with two figure

The Bottom-Up EFT: Complete UV Resonances of the SMEFT Operators

The standard model effective field theory (SMEFT) provides systematic parameterization of all possible new physics above the electroweak scale. According to the amplitude-operator correspondence, an effective operator can be decomposed into a linear combination of several j-basis operators, which correspond to local amplitudes carrying certain spin and gauge quantum numbers in a particular scattering channel. Based on the Poincare and gauge symmetries of scattering amplitude, we construct the j-basis using the Casimir method for both the Lorentz and gauge sectors. The quantum numbers of the j-basis operators fix the quantum numbers of any intermediate state in the corresponding amplitudes, such as a UV resonance. This can be re-interpreted as the j-basis/UV correspondence, thus obtaining the j-bases in all partitions of fields for an operator amounts to finding all of its UV origins at tree level, constituting the central part of the bottom-up EFT framework. Applying the j-basis analysis to SMEFT, we obtain a complete list of possible tree-level UV origins of the effective operators at the dimension 5, 6, 7, and all the bosonic operators at the dimension 8.Comment: 123 pages, 19 figures, 34 table