The Concept and Applications of a Dual Energy Storage Ring

A dual energy electron storage ring configuration is initially proposed as an electron cooler to cool the ion beam in a collider. It consists of two energy loops, the electron beam in the high energy loop undergoes the synchrotron radiation damping to obtain the desired beam property and the beam in the low energy loop is for cooling of the ion beam. The two different energy loops are connected by an energy recovery linac. A lattice design of such a dual energy storage ring has been completed and beam stability conditions are established. We performed numerical simulations to demonstrate the beam qualities and evaluated the cooling performance. In this paper, we present the study results and discuss possible applications of such a concept in many physics research and medical fields

Design of the Proposed Low Energy Ion Collider Ring at Jefferson Lab

The polarized Medium energy Electron-Ion Collider (MEIC) envisioned at Jefferson Lab will cover a range of center-of-mass energies up to 65 GeV. The present MEIC design could also allow the accommodation of low energy electron-ion collisions (LEIC) for additional science reach. This paper presents the first design of the low energy ion collider ring which is converted from the large ion booster of MEIC. It can reach up to 25 GeV energy for protons and equivalent ion energies of the same magnetic rigidity. An interaction region and an electron cooler designed for MEIC are integrated into the low energy collider ring, in addition to other required new elements including crab cavities and ion spin rotators, for later reuse in MEIC itself. A pair of vertical chicanes which brings the low energy ion beams to the plane of the electron ring and back to the low energy ion ring are also part of the design

Innovative Applications of Genetic Algorithms to Problems in Accelerator Physics

The genetic algorithm (GA) is a powerful technique that implements the principles nature uses in biological evolution to optimize a multidimensional nonlinear problem. The GA works especially well for problems with a large number of local extrema, where traditional methods (such as conjugate gradient, steepest descent, and others) fail or, at best, underperform. The field of accelerator physics, among others, abounds with problems which lend themselves to optimization via GAs. In this paper, we report on the successful application of GAs in several problems related to the existing Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility nuclear physics machine, the proposed Medium-energy Electron-Ion Collider at Jefferson Lab, and a radio frequency gun-based injector. These encouraging results are a step forward in optimizing accelerator design and provide an impetus for application of GAs to other problems in the field. To that end, we discuss the details of the GAs used, include a newly devised enhancement which leads to improved convergence to the optimum, and make recommendations for future GA developments and accelerator applications

Beam-Beam Effect: Crab Dynamics Calculation in JLEIC

The electron and ion beams of a future Electron Ion Collider (EIC) must collide at an angle for detection, machine and engineering design reasons. To avoid associated luminosity reduction, a local crabbing scheme is used where each beam is crabbed before collision and de-crabbed after collision. The crab crossing scheme then provides a head-on collision for beams with a non-zero crossing angle. We develop a framework for accurate simulation of crabbing dynamics with beam-beam effects by combining symplectic particle tracking codes with a beam-beam model based on the Bassetti-Erskine analytic solution. We present simulation results using our implementation of such a framework where the beam dynamics around the ring is tracked using Elegant and the beam-beam kick is modeled in Python

Whole-genome sequencing of the snub-nosed monkey provides insights into folivory and evolutionary history

Colobines are a unique group of Old World monkeys that principally eat leaves and seeds rather than fruits and insects. We report the sequencing at 146× coverage, de novo assembly and analyses of the genome of a male golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) and resequencing at 30× coverage of three related species (Rhinopithecus bieti, Rhinopithecus brelichi and Rhinopithecus strykeri). Comparative analyses showed that Asian colobines have an enhanced ability to derive energy from fatty acids and to degrade xenobiotics. We found evidence for functional evolution in the colobine RNASE1 gene, encoding a key secretory RNase that digests the high concentrations of bacterial RNA derived from symbiotic microflora. Demographic reconstructions indicated that the profile of ancient effective population sizes for R. roxellana more closely resembles that of giant panda rather than its congeners. These findings offer new insights into the dietary adaptations and evolutionary history of colobine primates

Study on treatment effect of hearing aids on bilateral prolonged tinnitus in Chinese patients

Purpose: This study aims to discuss the treatment effect of hearing aids on tinnitus. Methods Send questionnaires to 48 cases of bilateral prolonged tinnitus patients with course of more than 1 year to evaluate the subjective perception state of the tinnitus after 24 months. At the same time, follow up 10 cases of bilateral prolonged tinnitus patients without receiving the treatment of hearing aids and use them as the contrast group. Results: Through the treatment of 24 months, the treatment effects on tinnitus are as follows: 23 cases were cured (47.92%), 14 patients were improved significantly (29.17%), 6 cases were improved (12.5%), and 6 cases were invalid (12.5%). The overall effective rate was 87.5%.Conclusion: The hearing aids have treatment effect on the bilateral prolonged tinnitus patients in China

Analysis of clinical characteristics of non-allergic rhinitis of children

Purpose: This study aims to discuss clinical manifestations of non-allergic rhinitis (non-allergic rhinitis, NAR) children patients aged 15 years old or younger and their inducement, comorbid diseases, family medical history and quality of life and to analyze clinical characteristics of children of different age groups so as to provide clinical evidence for the improvement of NAR children patients’ comprehensive diagnosis and treatment. Method: Questionnaires were issued to 74 children patients diagnosed with NAR between June, 2014 and June, 2015 and all of them had the specialized examination of nasal cavity. The standardized 100-point visual analogue scale (VAS) was used as the symptoms survey scale to evaluate the severity of symptoms. Those patients surveyed were divided into two groups: Group A of preschool children under 6 years old and Group B of school-age children under 15 years old. Lateral comparison was done for severity of symptoms of single sample so as to reduce the subjective factors. After that, symptom characteristics of both groups were compared and SPSS 13.0 was also used to finish the statistical analysis. Results: The occurrence rate of sneezing, nasal mucus, nasal obstruction and nasal blockage of NAR children patients was 86.49%, 84.60%, 91.20% and 73.65% respectively. The most serious symptom of children of Group A was nasal obstruction and its occurrence rate was higher than that of Group B. The difference had statistical significance (x2=19.194, P0.05). The most serious symptom of children of Group B was nasal mucus and its occurrence rate was higher than that of Group A. The difference had statistical significance (x2=16.92, P<0.05). Conclusion: Characteristics of NAR clinical symptoms of children under 6 years old (including 6 years old) and children above 6 years old were different. The acquisition of concomitant symptoms, inducements and other clinical data of children NAR can provide a reference for improving the comprehensive diagnosis and treatment level of children NAR

Analysis of clinical characteristics of non-allergic rhinitis of children

Purpose: This study aims to discuss clinical manifestations of non-allergic rhinitis (non-allergic rhinitis, NAR) children patients aged 15 years old or younger and their inducement, comorbid diseases, family medical history and quality of life and to analyze clinical characteristics of children of different age groups so as to provide clinical evidence for the improvement of NAR children patients’ comprehensive diagnosis and treatment. Method: Questionnaires were issued to 74 children patients diagnosed with NAR between June, 2014 and June, 2015 and all of them had the specialized examination of nasal cavity. The standardized 100-point visual analogue scale (VAS) was used as the symptoms survey scale to evaluate the severity of symptoms. Those patients surveyed were divided into two groups: Group A of preschool children under 6 years old and Group B of school-age children under 15 years old. Lateral comparison was done for severity of symptoms of single sample so as to reduce the subjective factors. After that, symptom characteristics of both groups were compared and SPSS 13.0 was also used to finish the statistical analysis. Results: The occurrence rate of sneezing, nasal mucus, nasal obstruction and nasal blockage of NAR children patients was 86.49%, 84.60%, 91.20% and 73.65% respectively. The most serious symptom of children of Group A was nasal obstruction and its occurrence rate was higher than that of Group B. The difference had statistical significance (x2=19.194, P<0.05). These two groups had no significant difference in terms of sneezing and nasal blockage (x2=0.474, x2=0.048, P>0.05). The most serious symptom of children of Group B was nasal mucus and its occurrence rate was higher than that of Group A. The difference had statistical significance (x2=16.92, P<0.05). Conclusion: Characteristics of NAR clinical symptoms of children under 6 years old (including 6 years old) and children above 6 years old were different. The acquisition of concomitant symptoms, inducements and other clinical data of children NAR can provide a reference for improving the comprehensive diagnosis and treatment level of children NAR

Therapy efficacy of hyperreative rhinitis by the combination of intranasal steroid and oral H1-antihistamine

Background Hyperreative rhinitis (HRR) is identified as rhinitis which has at least two symptoms such as sneeze, itches, watery secretion and nasal blockage. Little is known about the pathology of HRR, as well as its clinical features and treatment. Objective To investigate efficacy HRR by combined therapy with intranasal steroids and antihistamines Methods The age, gender, predisposing factors and clinical symptoms of 200 HRR patients were analyzed. Both intranasal steroids and antihistamines were applied for 8 weeks. Symptoms were assessed with VAS score before and after the treatment. Result: Before the therapy, 87% of HRR patients showed persistent symptoms; 69% complained about severe and persistent effects on the quality on the life; sneezing (96%) and rhinorrhea (78%) were the top 2 symptoms reported; All patients completed the 8-wk combined therapy with intranasal steroids and antihistamines; 96% patients were satisfied with the therapy, with all symptoms except wheezing have been clear relief (p <0.05); the remaining 4% reported the unsatisfied result of the therapy. Conclusion The combined therapy with intranasal steroids and antihistamines controlled most of clinical symptoms of HRR