Community programs and women's participation : the Chinese experience

Using household data specifically collected for the purpose of evaluation, the authors empirically evaluate the impact on household income of a rural program in China that focuses on increasing women's economic and social participation in the local community. They find that the program substantially increases women's participation and household income, and also generates positive social benefits. The authors'results also suggest that the income gains accrue only to participants, and partly at the expense of nonparticipants. They find that the magnitude of the program's impact depends sensitively on the program's ability to increase participation rates within villages. In the presence of the program, individual participation helps to prevent negative externalities and to buy into the positive gains accruing to participants. The authors'results support the view that effectively implemented gender-focused interventions can have substantial social benefits when supported by the necessary legal and institutional framework.Decentralization,Primary Education,Public Health Promotion,Health Economics&Finance,Poverty Monitoring&Analysis,Health Economics&Finance,Poverty Monitoring&Analysis,Primary Education,Housing&Human Habitats,Governance Indicators

Bis(μ-1,2-bis­{[2-(2-pyrid­yl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl]meth­yl}benzene)bis­[bis­(thio­cyanato-κN)cadmium(II)]

The asymmetric unit of the binuclear title compound, [Cd2(NCS)4(C24H20N6)2], contains one half-mol­ecule, consisting of one Cd2+ cation, two half 1,2-bis­{[2-(2-pyrid­yl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl]meth­yl}benzene (L) ligands and two SCN− anions. The dimeric cyclic mol­ecule is completed by crystallographic inversion symmetry. The Cd2+ cation is coordinated by two N atoms from two SCN− anions and four N atoms from two symmetry-related L ligands, exhibiting a distorted octrahedral coordination. A two-dimensional supra­molecular network stacked parallel to [210] is finally formed by linking these dimers through weak π–π stacking inter­actions between the pyridine rings and benzene rings of adjacent dimers, with a plane-to-plane distance of 3.36 (6) Å and a centroid–centroid distance of 3.67 (2) Å. One of the thio­cyanate S atoms is equally disordered over two positions

Flow characteristics and dynamic responses of a parked straight‐bladed vertical axis wind turbine

publishedVersio

JourneyDB: A Benchmark for Generative Image Understanding

While recent advancements in vision-language models have had a transformative impact on multi-modal comprehension, the extent to which these models possess the ability to comprehend generated images remains uncertain. Synthetic images, in comparison to real data, encompass a higher level of diversity in terms of both content and style, thereby presenting significant challenges for the models to fully grasp. In light of this challenge, we introduce a comprehensive dataset, referred to as JourneyDB, that caters to the domain of generative images within the context of multi-modal visual understanding. Our meticulously curated dataset comprises 4 million distinct and high-quality generated images, each paired with the corresponding text prompts that were employed in their creation. Furthermore, we additionally introduce an external subset with results of another 22 text-to-image generative models, which makes JourneyDB a comprehensive benchmark for evaluating the comprehension of generated images. On our dataset, we have devised four benchmarks to assess the performance of generated image comprehension in relation to both content and style interpretation. These benchmarks encompass prompt inversion, style retrieval, image captioning, and visual question answering. Lastly, we evaluate the performance of state-of-the-art multi-modal models when applied to the JourneyDB dataset, providing a comprehensive analysis of their strengths and limitations in comprehending generated content. We anticipate that the proposed dataset and benchmarks will facilitate further research in the field of generative content understanding. The dataset is publicly available at https://journeydb.github.io.Comment: Accepted to the Thirty-seventh Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2023

Single-nanowire spectrometers.

Spectrometers with ever-smaller footprints are sought after for a wide range of applications in which minimized size and weight are paramount, including emerging in situ characterization techniques. We report on an ultracompact microspectrometer design based on a single compositionally engineered nanowire. This platform is independent of the complex optical components or cavities that tend to constrain further miniaturization of current systems. We show that incident spectra can be computationally reconstructed from the different spectral response functions and measured photocurrents along the length of the nanowire. Our devices are capable of accurate, visible-range monochromatic and broadband light reconstruction, as well as spectral imaging from centimeter-scale focal planes down to lensless, single-cell-scale in situ mapping.EPSRC (EP/M013812/1, EP/L016087/1), the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851, CRUK Pioneer Award (C55962/A24669), , Business Finland (A-Photonics), Academy of Finland, ERC (834742), EU Horizon 2020 (820423), the Cambridge Trust, the Royal Society

Consent for Use of Clinical Leftover Biosample: A Survey among Chinese Patients and the General Public

Background: Storage of leftover biosamples generates rich biobanks for future studies, saving time and money and limiting physical impact to sample donors. Objective: To investigate the attitudes of Chinese patients and the general public on providing consent for storage and use of leftover biosamples. Design, Setting and Participants: Cross-sectional surveys were conducted among randomly selected patients admitted to a Shanghai city hospital (n = 648) and members of the general public (n = 492) from May 2010 to July 2010. Main Outcome Measures: Face-to-face interviews collected respondents-report of their willingness to donate residual biosample, trust in medical institutions, motivation for donation, concerns of donated sample use, expectations for research results return, and so on. Results: The response rate was 83.0%. Of the respondents, 89.1 % stated that they completely understood or understood most of questions. Willingness to donate residual sample was stated by 64.7%, of which 16.7 % desired the option to withdraw their donations anytime afterwards. Only 42.3 % of respondents stated they ‘‘trust’ ’ or ‘‘strongly trust’ ’ medical institutions, the attitude of trusting or strongly trusting medical institutions were significantly associated with willingness to donate in the general public group.(p,0.05) The overall assent rate for future research without specific consents was als

The Ninth Visual Object Tracking VOT2021 Challenge Results

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