2 research outputs found
Leishmaniose mucocutânea em paciente com antecedente de infecção disseminada: relato de caso
As leishmanioses constituem um conjunto de sÃndromes clÃnicas causadas pelas diversas espécies do parasita intracelular obrigatório do gênero Leishmania. Trata-se de uma zoonose transmitida por insetos-vetores do gênero Lutzomyia, a reservatórios naturais, representados por um conjunto de animais silvestres e domésticos. A doença tem registro anual de 1 a 1,5 milhão de casos e com cerca de 350 milhões de pessoas habitando áreas risco para transmissão ativa do parasita. O Brasil ganha destaque no cenário da doença na América Latina; os casos estão distribuÃdos em todo território nacional, sendo as regiões Norte e Nordeste do paÃs as mais afetadas. A Leishmaniose mucocutânea ou mucosa (LM) é uma entidade rara, potencialmente grave e de grande morbidade. Usualmente costuma-se observar lesões de mucosa em pacientes que foram afetados pela forma exclusivamente cutânea da doença. A doença é caracterizada por lesões envolvendo, principalmente, superfÃcies mucosas do nariz e oral, com ou sem perfuração de septo nasal. Em 90% dos casos de lesão na mucosa nasal, apenas o septo nasal anterior é afetado. Além de que, apresentações clinicamente atÃpicas não são infrequentes tendo em vista que diversos fatores relacionados ao parasita, ao hospedeiro e à resposta imunológica são relevantes para a lesão de mucosa. O presente trabalho, objetiva relatar um caso de leishmaniose cutânea com provável evolução subclÃnica e reativação tardia sob a forma de LM
Study on the zoonotic cycle of tegumentary leishmaniasis in an endemic area of a metropolitan region in the Northeastern region of Brazil
This study was conducted to characterize the transmission cycle of the tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) in an old colonization area at Pernambuco State, Brazil. The aims were to identify autochthonous cases, sandflies fauna, domestic animals as possible reservoir hosts and the Leishmania species involved in this endemic area. A total of 168 suspected human cases of TL and 272 domestic animals (canine, feline, equine, goat, and sheep) were included. The sandflies were captured and identified by species. Patients were predominantly male and the average age was 37+18.1 years old. Of 85 patients who had skin lesions, 25.6% of them had direct positive smears for TL and 34 isolates were identified as Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. The confirmation for TL diagnosed by molecular detection (PCR) was almost three times more sensitive than the direct test [p < 0.001; PR = 2.72] associated with clinical examination. The Kappa test on PCR between two different specimens, biopsy, and skin lesion swab was 60.8% (p < 0.001). More than 200 specimens of sandflies (80 males and 159 females) were captured and identified as Lutzomyia whitmani (99.6%) and Lu. evandroi (0.4%). The detection of L. (V.) braziliensis by Real-Time PCR in the blood of a captured fed female was positive in 59.3% of Lu. whitmani. Of the 272 domestic animals included, 61.76% were male (n = 168). Thirty-six animals (13.2%) had lesions compatible with TL (34 dogs, 1 cat and 1 sheep) and 3 of them, all dogs, had lesions on the snout, showing destruction of cartilage and mucosa. The study suggests the participation of domestic animals as possible reservoirs. However, further studies are necessary to better understand the transmission cycle and take recommended measures in order to control the disease