Predicción de la riqueza de especies del sotobosque a partir de las características de manejo y del rodal mediante árboles de regresión

Managing forests for multiple ecosystem services such as timber, carbon, and biodiversity requires information on ecosystem structure and management characteristics. National forest inventory data are increasingly being used to quantify ecosystem services, but they mostly provide timber management and overstory data, while data on understory shrub and herbaceous diversity are limited. We obtained species richness and stand management data from relevant literature to develop a regression tree model that can be used to predict understory species richness from forest inventory data. Our model explained 57% of the variation in herbaceous species richness in the coastal plain pine forests of the southeastern USA. Results were verified using field data, and important predictors of herbaceous richness included stand age, forest type, time since fire, and time since herbicide-fertilizer application. This approach can make use of available forest inventories to rapidly and cost-effectively estimate understory species richness for subtropical pine forest

O impacto da revascularização carotídea sobre a função cognitiva

The concept that carotid disease may compromise cognitive function was initially proposed by Fisher in 1951, based on an autopsy case. However, some topics involving cognitive function remain controversial, such as its correlation with carotid obstructive disease. So, the authors of this review evaluate the impact of carotid revascularization on cognitive function and the repercussions of the revascularization technique (carotid stenting vs. endarterectomy) chosen. It was clear from the literature reviewed that carotid stenosis is related to a decline in cognitive function over time. However, controversy still remains over the impact of carotid revascularization on cognitive function. With elation to the technique employed (carotid stenting vs. endarterectomy), the majority of studies found no difference between the two techniques in terms of overall cognitive outcome.The concept that carotid disease may compromise cognitive function was initially proposed by Fisher in 1951, based on an autopsy case. However, some topics involving cognitive function remain controversial, such as its correlation with carotid obstructive132116122sem informaçãosem informaçãoLal, B.K., Cognitive function after carotid artery revascularization (2007) Vasc Endovasc Surg, 41 (1), pp. 5-13. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1538574406297253, PMid:17277237Fisher, C., Senile dementia - A new explanation of its causation (1951) Arch Neurol, 65, pp. 1-7Carrea, R., Molins, M., Murphy, G., Surgery of spontaneous thrombosis of internal carotid in the neckcarotid-carotid anastomosiscase report and analysis of the literature on surgical cases (1955) Medicina (B. 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Evidence from a study on the effect of carotid endarterectomy (2004) Neurol Res, 26, pp. 594-597. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/016164104225016245, PMid:15265280Costin, M., Rampersad, A., Solomon, R.A., Connolly, E.S., Heyer, E.J., Cerebral injury predicted by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography but not electroencephalography during carotid endarterectomy (2002) J Neurosurg Anesthesiol, 14, pp. 287-292. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008506-200210000-00003, PMid:12357085 PMCid:PMC2435244Heyer, E.J., Adams, D.C., Solomon, R.A., Neuropsychometric changes in patients after carotid endarterectomy (1998) Stroke, 29, pp. 1110-1115. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.29.6.1110, PMid:9626280 PMCid:PMC2435204Ogasawara, K., Inoue, T., Kobayashi, M., Cognitive impairment associated with intraoperative and postoperative hypoperfusion without neurologic deficits in a patient undergoing carotid endarterectomy (2006) Surg Neurol, 65, pp. 577-581. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surneu.2005.07.011, PMid:16720178Lund, C., Hol, P.K., Lundblad, R., Comparison of cerebral embolization during off-pump and on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (2003) Ann Thorac Surg, 76, pp. 765-770. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00679-9, discussion 770Sundt, T.M., Sharbrough, F.W., Piepgras, D.G., Kearns, T.P., Messick, J.M., O’Fallon, W.M., Correlation of cerebral blood flow and electroencephalographic changes during carotid endarterectomy: With results of surgery and hemodynamics of cerebral ischemia (1981) Mayo Clin Proc, 56, pp. 533-543. , PMid:7266064Halsey, J.H., Risks and benefits of shunting in carotid endarterectomy. 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Effect on recovery profile (2006) Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol, 20, pp. 181-189. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpa.2005.08.001, PMid:16634424Mendelsohn, F.O., Weissman, N.J., Lederman, R.J., Acute hemodynamic changes during carotid artery stenting (1998) Am J Cardiol, 82, pp. 1077-1081. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(98)00562-1Trocciola, S.M., Chaer, R.A., Lin, S.C., Analysis of parameters associated with hypotension requiring vasopressor support after carotid angioplasty and stenting (2006) J Vasc Surg, 43, p. 714. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2005.12.008, PMid:16616226Gupta, R., Abou-Chebl, A., Bajzer, C.T., Schumacher, H.C., Yadav, J.S., Rate, predictors, and consequences of hemodynamic depression after carotid artery stenting (2006) J Am Coll Cardiol, 47, pp. 1538-1543. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2005.08.079, PMid:16630988Park, B., Shapiro, D., Dahn, M., Arici, M., Carotid artery angioplasty with stenting and postprocedure hypotension (2005) Am J Surg, 190, pp. 691-695. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2005.07.004, PMid:16226941Connolly, E.S., Winfree, C.J., Rampersad, A., Serum S100B protein levels are correlated with subclinical neurocognitive declines after carotid endarterectomy (2001) Neurosurg, 49, pp. 1076-1083Lunn, S., Crawley, F., Harrison, M.J., Brown, M.M., Newman, S.P., Impact of carotid endarterectomy upon cognitive functioning. A systematic review of the literature (1999) Cerebrovasc Dis, 9, pp. 74-81. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000015901, PMid:9973649Irvine, C.D., Gardner, F.V., Davies, A.H., Lamont, P.M., Cognitive testing in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (1998) Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 15, pp. 195-204. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1078-5884(98)80176-7Heyer, E.J., Sharma, R., Rampersad, A., A controlled prospective study of neuropsychological dysfunction following carotid endarterectomy (2002) Arch Neurol, 59, pp. 217-222. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.59.2.217, PMid:11843692 PMCid:PMC2435245Hobson, R.W., Update on the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stent Trial (CREST) protocol (2002) J Am Coll Surg, 194 (1), pp. S9-14. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1072-7515(01)01078-XXu, G., Liu, X., Meyer, J.S., Yin, Q., Zhang, R., Cognitive performance after carotid angioplasty and stenting with brain protection devices (2007) Neurol Res, 29, pp. 251-255. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/016164107X159216, PMid:17178010Endovascular versus surgical treatment in patients with carotid stenosis in the Carotid and Vertebral Artery Transluminal Angioplasty Study (CAVATAS):A randomised trial (2001) Lancet, 357, pp. 1729-1737. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04893-5, No authors listedGrunwald, I., Suppurian, T., Struffert, T., Falkai, P., Krick, C., Politi, M., Cognitive Changes after Carotid Artery Stenting (2006) Neuroradiology, 48, pp. 319-323. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00234-006-0064-5, PMid:16703361Mlekusch, W., Mlekusch, I., Haumer, M., Kopp, C.W., Lehrner, J., Ahmadi, R., Improvement of neurocognitive function after protected carotid artery stenting (2008) Catheter Cardiovasc Interv, 71 (1), pp. 114-119. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ccd.21407, PMid:18098213Gaudet, J.G., Meyers, P.M., McKinsey, J.F., Incidence of moderate to severe cognitive dysfunction in patients treated with carotid artery stenting (2009) Neurosurgery, 65 (2), pp. 325-329. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000349920.69637.78, discussion 329-30, PMid:19625912 PMCid:PMC2716040Lal, B.K., Younes, M., Cruz, G., Kapadia, I., Jamil, Z., Pappas, P.J., Cognitive changes after surgery vs stenting for carotid artery stenosis (2011) J Vasc Surg, 54 (3), pp. 691-698. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2011.03.253, PMid:21700413Takaiwa, A., Hayashi, N., Kuwayama, N., Akioka, N., Kubo, M., Endo, S., Changes in cognitive function during the 1-year period following endarterectomy and stenting of patients with high-grade carotid artery stenosis (2009) Acta Neurochir, 151, pp. 1593-1600. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00701-009-0420-4, PMid:19533017Zhou, W., Hitchner, E., Gillis, K., Prospective neurocognitive evaluation of patients undergoing carotid interventions (2012) J Vasc Surg, 56 (6), pp. 1571-1578. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2012.05.092, PMid:22889720 PMCid:PMC3508143Altinbas, A., Van Zandvoort, M.J., Van Den Berg, E., Cognition after carotid endarterectomy or stenting: A randomized comparison (2011) Neurology, 77 (11), pp. 1084-1090. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e31822e55b9, PMid:21880992Witt, K., Börsch, K., Daniels, C., Neuropsychological consequences of endarterectomy and endovascular angioplasty with stent placement for treatment of symptomatic carotid stenosis: A prospective randomised study (2007) J Neurol, 254 (11), pp. 1524-1532. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-007-0576-x, PMid:17657403A noção de que a doença carotídea pode comprometer a função cognitiva foi proposta inicialmente por Fisher, em 1951, baseado em um caso de necropsia. Porém, alguns tópicos envolvendo a função cognitiva permanecem controversos, tais como sua correlação

Uma Análise Comparativa De Parâmetros Do Doppler Transcraniano Adquiridos Durante A Colocação De Stent Carotídeo E Endarterectomia Carotídea Por Semieversão

Background: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS) have both been proposed for treatment of critical atherosclerotic stenosis located at the carotid bifurcation. Monitoring of hyperintense microembolic signals (MES) by transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) is considered a method of quality control, both in CEA and in CAS. Objective: To analyze temporal distribution of MES throughout both semi-eversion CEA and CAS procedures and to evaluate changes in mean velocity of blood flow through the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA). Method: Thirty-three procedures (17 CEA and 16 CAS) were prospectively monitored using TCD and the data were related to three different stages of surgery (pre-cerebral protection, during cerebral protection and post-cerebral protection). Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, ANOVA and contrast tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: The MES were uniformly distributed in the CEA group, but not in the CAS group (p = 0.208). The number of MES was higher in the CAS group in all stages. The average flow in the MCA was similarly lower in both groups during the protection stage. Conclusion: CEA provoked a lower incidence of MES per procedure than CAS in all stages. The behavior of the averages of the mean of blood flow through the MCA was similar in both groups. © 2016, Sociedade Brasileira de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular. All rights reserved.15319720

Minimal model for aeolian sand dunes

We present a minimal model for the formation and migration of aeolian sand dunes. It combines a perturbative description of the turbulent wind velocity field above the dune with a continuum saltation model that allows for saturation transients in the sand flux. The latter are shown to provide the characteristic length scale. The model can explain the origin of important features of dunes, such as the formation of a slip face, the broken scale invariance, and the existence of a minimum dune size. It also predicts the longitudinal shape and aspect ratio of dunes and heaps, their migration velocity and shape relaxation dynamics. Although the minimal model employs non-local expressions for the wind shear stress as well as for the sand flux, it is simple enough to serve as a very efficient tool for analytical and numerical investigations and to open up the way to simulations of large scale desert topographies.Comment: 19 pages, 22 figure