Cobertura de las elecciones de abril de 1975 en el Diário de Notícias y el Jornal Novo: un caso de estudio

The Portuguese Revolution of April 1974 ended 48 years of dictatorship. The political evolution that followed the coup gave rise to a revolutionary process, the On-Going Revolutionary Period, which gained momentum, after March 11, 1975, opening "the path to socialism". As a side effect, the state became the owner of almost all the press. The first democratic elections took place on April 25, 1975. For the first time in almost 50 years, the press had the opportunity to do the cover in an environment of freedom of expression. However, the media were not immune to the revolutionary process and the newspapers were affected by the struggle for control of the information. The purpose of this study is a first approach in order to understand the news process and strategies to cover the electoral campaign in the press. The methodology will rely on a comparative analysis of the journalist formats in Diário de Notícas and Jornal Novo, chosen for de difference of each journalistic format and almost opposite editorial status.La Revolución portuguesa de abril de 1974 puso fin a 48 años de dictadura. La evolución política del golpe militar dio paso a un proceso revolucionario, Proceso Revolucionario en Curso, que cobró impulso, después del 11 de marzo de 1975, abriendo así "el camino al socialismo". Como efecto colateral, el Estado se convirtió en el propietario de casi toda la prensa, que pertenecía parcial o totalmente a empresas bancarias y grupos económicos. Las primeras elecciones democráticas tuvieron lugar el 25 de abril de 1975 y la prensa tuvo la oportunidad de cubrir este momento histórico en un ambiente de libertad de expresión. El propósito de este estudio es un primer abordaje para comprender el proceso de noticias y las estrategias para cubrir la campaña electoral en la prensa. La metodología se basará en un análisis comparativo de los formatos periodísticos en Diário de Notícias y Jornal Novo, justamente escogidos por la diferencia de dimensión y capacidad noticiosa y su estatuto editorial casi opuesto

Artificial Intelligence and Systems Theory: Applied to Cooperative Robots

This paper describes an approach to the design of a population of cooperative robots based on concepts borrowed from Systems Theory and Artificial Intelligence. The research has been developed under the SocRob project, carried out by the Intelligent Systems Laboratory at the Institute for Systems and Robotics - Instituto Superior Tecnico (ISR/IST) in Lisbon. The acronym of the project stands both for "Society of Robots" and "Soccer Robots", the case study where we are testing our population of robots. Designing soccer robots is a very challenging problem, where the robots must act not only to shoot a ball towards the goal, but also to detect and avoid static (walls, stopped robots) and dynamic (moving robots) obstacles. Furthermore, they must cooperate to defeat an opposing team. Our past and current research in soccer robotics includes cooperative sensor fusion for world modeling, object recognition and tracking, robot navigation, multi-robot distributed task planning and coordination, including cooperative reinforcement learning in cooperative and adversarial environments, and behavior-based architectures for real time task execution of cooperating robot teams

Deformation and rigidity results for the 2k-Ricci tensor and the 2k-Gauss-Bonnet curvature

We present several deformation and rigidity results within the classes of closed Riemannian manifolds which either are $2k$-Einstein (in the sense that their $2k$-Ricci tensor is constant) or have constant $2k$-Gauss-Bonnet curvature. The results hold for a family of manifolds containing all non-flat space forms and the main ingredients in the proofs are explicit formulae for the linearizations of the above invariants obtained by means of the formalism of double forms.Comment: 30 pages; no figure

Patología y terapeútica estructurales

La naturaleza le ofrece al hombre materiales r&aacute;pidamente perecederos, como las fibras vegetales o los cueros, y otros que no lo son tanto. En las construcciones destinadas a prestar servicio durante per&iacute;odos m&aacute;s o menos largos, que son las que hoy nos ocupan, se emplean esencialmente estos &uacute;ltimos. Entre ellos, los m&aacute;s comunes son: el adobe, la piedra y, bajo ciertas circunstancias, las maderas. Luego, tecnolog&iacute;a mediante, el hombre comienza a imaginar (proyectar) y fabricar materiales con caracter&iacute;sticas diversas de las que poseen los que la naturaleza pone a su disposici&oacute;n, aparecen as&iacute; los cer&aacute;micos (b&aacute;sicamente el &ldquo;ladrillo&rdquo;); los conglomerados hidr&aacute;ulicos del tipo del hormig&oacute;n; las aleaciones met&aacute;licas, como el bronce y el acero; y, m&aacute;s recientemente, los materiales sint&eacute;ticos. (P&aacute;rrafo extra&iacute;do a modo de resumen)</em

Puente “Donato Gerardi”: un puente patrimonial de hormigón armado en servicio durante 90 años

Por razones fortuitas, el inicio de la guerra europea de 1914 y la declaraci&oacute;n del acero material estrat&eacute;gico por el pa&iacute;s proveedor (B&eacute;lgica), el &uacute;ltimo de los puentes del &ldquo;Camino afirmado entre La Plata y Avellaneda&rdquo; se construy&oacute; en hormig&oacute;n armado, un material bastante novedoso en esos a&ntilde;os. Pese a los cambios habidos en la materia, fundamentalmente los dos siguientes: un mucho m&aacute;s ajustado conocimiento del material y una modificaci&oacute;n sustancial en las cargas actuantes, este, posiblemente el primer puente argentino de hormig&oacute;n armado, sigue en servicio y en buenas condiciones. En el presente trabajo se intenta explicar por qu&eacute; ha sido esto posible. Tambi&eacute;n se hace una semblanza de su proyectista, el Ing. Donato Gerardo, pues para encontrar una soluci&oacute;n adecuada a un problema original, resulta imprescindible la calidad de qui&eacute;n la busque y, adem&aacute;s, la encuentre

Good Regulatory Lags for Price Cap and Rolling Cap contracts

Price caps are a popular form of monopoly price regulation. One of its disadvantages is the perverse incentives that regulated firms might have to scamp on cost reducing effort during the last years before a price review. In order to avoid this problem a “rolling cap†contract was introduced in the United Kingdom that overcomes this last problem. In spite of their popularity, there is scant research on the optimal regulatory lag (number of years between price reviews) of a price cap or rolling cap contract. In practice, around the world most price cap or rolling cap contracts have a lag of 4 to 5 years, but this is not based on any optimality consideration. As is well known, the regulatory lag determines the power of an incentive contract and thus the incentives to undertake cost reducing effort. Schmalensee (1989) studied the optimal power of regulatory contracts in a static model with uncertainty and asymmetric information. She finds that medium powered contracts are generally superior to the polar cases of high or low powered contracts. In this paper, we extend Schmalensee (1989) model used to study the optimal power of regulatory contracts to a dynamic framework. We use numerical simulation to study the optimal regulatory lag for different combinations of demand and cost parameters under a particular linear quadratic structure. We find that in general a 2 year lag is optimal under both a price cap and rolling cap contracts and that a benevolent regulator prefers the rolling cap over the price cap contract in almost all the casesPrice Cap, Rolling Cap, Regulatory Lag, Dynamic Programming

Classification of Triadic Chord Inversions Using Kohonen Self-organizing Maps

In this paper we discuss the application of the Kohonen Selforganizing Maps to the classification of triadic chords in inversions and root positions. Our motivation started in the validation of Schönberg´s hypotheses of the harmonic features of each chord inversion. We employed the Kohonen network, which has been generally known as an optimum pattern classification tool in several areas, including music, to verify that hypothesis. The outcomes of our experiment refuse the Schönberg´s assumption in two aspects: structural and perceptual/functional

Experimental Analysis of the Reputational Incentives in a Self Regulated Organization

Self regulation is a mechanism of quality vigilance that is frequently used in credence good industries. The providers in these markets generally form a Self Regulated Organization (SRO), composed by some members of the industry, whose main job is to convince consumers through an active surveillance of her members that they will receive goods or services with high standards of quality. The SRO main objective is to create confidence among consumers about the quality they are receiving from the market. Hence, consumers expects that an SRO: a) effectively watch her members, controlling their quality provision; and b) punish and publicly denounce those members found providing a bad quality service, as a credible signal of her level of surveillance and the quality the consumers may expect from other members. However, self regulation imply by definition a situation of regulatory capture, hence the following questions naturally appear: ¿Does the SRO has the correct incentives to do her job?, and ¿where do those incentives may come from?. The main objective of this work is to analyse in the lab how consumers interpret or learn to interpret the exposure that receive from an SRO, and given this interpretation if the SRO behaviour is consistent with the presence or absence of a reputational incentive to denounce. A full run of the experimental sessions is conducted from March to May 2004 at the University of ChileCredence Good, Self-Regulated Organization, Sender-Receiver Games, Reputational Incentives

Surface Structure Determination of Black Phosphorus Using Photoelectron Diffraction

Atomic structure of single-crystalline black phosphorus was studied by high resolution synchrotron-based photoelectron diffraction (XPD). The results show that the topmost phosphorene layer in the black phosphorus is slightly displaced compared to the bulk structure and presents a small contraction in the direction perpendicular to the surface. Furthermore, the XPD results show the presence of a small buckling among the surface atoms, in agreement with previously reported scanning tunneling microscopy results. The contraction of the surface layer added to the presence of the buckling indicates an uniformity in the size of the sp3 bonds between P atoms at the surface