Anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antipyretic effects of methanol extract of Cariniana rubra stem bark in animal models

Schmeda-Hirschmann, G (Schmeda-Hirschmann, Guillermo) Univ Talca, IQRN, Talca, ChileCariniana rubra Miers (Lecythidaceae), popularly known as "jequitiba-vermelho", is a large Brazilian tree whose bark is used in infusion and decoction for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. This study aims to assess the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antipyretic effects of Cariniana rubra methanolic stem bark extract (EMCr) using experimental animals. Anti-inflammatory activity of EMCr was tested on carrageenan and dextran-induced rat paw edema, carrageenan-induced pleurisy in rats and acetic acid-increase vascular permeability in mice. Antinociceptive and antipyretic activities were evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin and hot-plate tests in mice, as well as brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. The extract inhibitied carrageenan and dextran-induced edema, reduced exudate volume and leukocyte migration on the carrageenan-induced pleurisy and on the vascular permeability increase induced by acetic acid. The EMCr inhibited nociception on the acetic acid-induced writhing and in the second phase of formalin test, and decreased rectal temperature. It was, however, inactive against thermal nociception. Phytochemical analysis with EMCr showed the occurrence of saponins, triterpenes, sterols and phenolic compounds. Phytosterols (beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol), pentacyclic triterpenes (alpha- and beta-amyrin as a mixture), arjunolic acid, a phytosterol glycoside (sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside), and triterpenoid saponins (28-beta-glucopyranosyl-23-O-acetyl arjunolic acid; 3-O-beta-glucopyranosyl arjunolic acid and 28-O-[alpha-L-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1 -> 2)-beta-glucopyranosyl]-23-O-acetyl arjunolic acid) were the main identified compounds. It can be presumed that EMCr caused their effects by inhibiting the liberation and/or action of different inflammatory mediators. These findings support the traditional use of Cariniana rubra preparations to treat inflammation

Influência do manejo da irrigação no meloeiro rendilhado cultivado em ambiente protegido Irrigation management on net-melon fruits cultivated under greenhouse

Visando a avaliar a cultura do melão rendilhado em função do manejo da irrigação, foi realizado um experimento em casa de vegetação com a cultivar Bônus nº 2, na área experimental do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" - ESALQ/USP. Foram avaliados dois sistemas de manejo (tensiômetro e lisímetro de tensão controlada), e dois níveis de fertilidade (presença e ausência de fertilizantes). O lisímetro de tensão controlada é um dispositivo que utiliza cápsula porosa, capaz de fornecer água automaticamente, acoplado a um tubo de Mariotte, que permite realizar leituras de volume de água consumido pela planta. Para os tratamentos com lisímetro de tensão controlada, a porosidade livre de água média (PLA) foi de 15%; já para os irrigados com base nos tensiômetros, a PLA permaneceu em média 35%, favorecendo boa relação ar-água durante todo o experimento. Com relação à variação temporal do potencial matricial do solo (média das três profundidades), os tratamentos com tensiômetro apresentaram valores médios de tensões com desvios de 9,10%, enquanto, para os tratamentos com lisímetro de tensão controlada, os desvios foram de 1,33%. Com manejo da irrigação por tensiômetros, sem adição de fertilizantes, a massa média dos frutos (1.070,4 g) quase duplicou em relação ao padrão mínimo comercial (550 g). Adicionando a fertirrigação nesse manejo, o incremento passou a ser de 4,5 vezes (2.493,8 g). O meloeiro apresentou baixo rendimento em condição de porosidade livre de água inferior a 20%.<br>Aiming to evaluate net-melon fruits under irrigation management, it was carried out an experiment in greenhouse conditions. The experimental area was located at the irrigation farm of the Engineering Department of - Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" - ESALQ/USP in Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil, planted with Bonus 2 cultivar. Two irrigation management systems were evaluated by tensiometer and tension lysimeter with two levels of solution fertility (presence and absence). Tension lysimeter is a device based on porous cap, capable of supplying water automatically to the plant through a Mariotte reservoir (constant hydraulic head). For the treatments with tension lysimeter, the average free water porosity (PLA) was 15%. For treatments with tensiometers, the PLA was 35% in average, favoring a good relation of air-water throughout the experiment. The temporal variation of the matrix potential in treatments by tensiometer, measured in three depths, presented an average deviation of 9.10% whereas treatments with tension lysimeter were 1.33%. The irrigation management by tensiometers without fertilizer obtained an average weight of the fruits (1,070.4 g) that was almost duplicated in relation to minimum commercial standard (550 g). However, by adding fertilizer in these plants the productivity increment was 4.5 times higher (2,493.8 g). The net-melon fruits presented a low productivity when the free water porosity was lower at 20%