Floor cooling in farrowing room to lactating sows in the summer

Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar o efeito do resfriamento do piso da gaiola de maternidade no desempenho produtivo de porcas em lactação recebendo diferentes quantidades de ração no período de verão. Foram utilizadas 42 porcas de 1o a 5o partos, distribuídas em três tratamentos (piso não resfriado e consumo à vontade; piso resfriado e consumo de 5,5 kg/dia; e piso resfriado e consumo à vontade), em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com 14 repetições, no qual cada porca foi considerada uma unidade experimental. Na distribuição dos animais nos tratamentos, a fim de garantir maior uniformidade, foram considerados o peso corporal e a ordem de parto das porcas. As porcas foram mantidas no experimento do parto até o desmame, realizado aos 21 dias de lactação. Os animais foram alimentados com a mesma ração de lactação e receberam água à vontade. O ambiente térmico no interior das maternidades foi monitorado por meio de termômetros de máxima e mínima, de bulbo seco e bulbo úmido e de globo negro. Os dados de temperatura foram posteriormente convertidos no índice de temperatura de globo e umidade (ITGU) para caracterizar o ambiente térmico em que estes animais foram alojados. As porcas mantidas em gaiola com piso resfriado e que receberam ração à vontade apresentaram maiores consumos de ração, de energia metabolizável e de lisina digestível. Maior mobilização de reservas corporais foi verificada nos animais mantidos em piso resfriado com restrição do consumo de ração. O intervalo desmame-estro também foi maior nestes animais. Os leitões das porcas mantidas em piso resfriado tiveram maior peso ao desmame e maior ganho de peso diário. O resfriamento do piso também influenciou as variáveis fisiológicas determinadas, uma vez que os animais apresentaram menor freqüência respiratória e mais baixas temperatura retal e temperaturas superficiais da nuca, pernil e peito. O resfriamento do piso da gaiola de maternidade favorece a dissipação de calor corporal, melhorando a condição térmica, a capacidade de consumo e o desempenho produtivo das porcas em lactação durante o verão.This study was realized to evaluate the effect of cooling the cage floor under the lactating sows on productive performance receiving different amounts of feed in the summer. Forty two sows with different parturition orders were used (1º to 5º), distributed in three treatments (floor not cooled and free intake; floor cooled and 5,5 kg/day of intake; floor cooled and free intake), in a completely randomized experimental block design, with 14 repetitions, being each animal considered an experimental unit. The animals were distributed in treatments considering the order of parturition and body weight. The sows were in experiment during 21 days. Duringthis period received the same food and the water ad libitum. The data of the temperature of dry bulb, humidity bulb and black globe were registered in the experimental period and converted in to the index of temperature of black globe and humidity (ITGU), which was used to characterize the thermal environment in which the sows were maintained. The sows were maintained in cage with cooled floor and received food ad libitum showed larger feed intake, metabolizable energy and digestible lysine. The animals maintained in cooled floor and received restricted food showed larger mobilization of body reserves. The period to return estrus to was larger in the same animals. The piglets of sows that maintained in cooled floor showed larger weight at weaning and weight gain per day. Cooling floor too affect the physiologic parameters, with the animals submitted to the cooled floor presenting smaller values in respiratory frequency, rectal temperature and superficial temperatures. The cooling the cage floor under the lactating sows, favors the dissipation of heat, improves the thermal condition, the capacity of feed intake and productive performance of lactating sows in the summer.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio

Resfriamento do piso da maternidade para porcas em lactação no verão

Avaliou-se o efeito do resfriamento do piso da gaiola de maternidade no desempenho produtivo de porcas em lactação no período de verão. Utilizaram-se 42 porcas entre o 1º e o 5º partos, distribuídas em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com 3 tratamentos e 14 repetições, considerando cada porca uma unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram assim constituídos: piso sem resfriamento e consumo à vontade; piso com resfriamento e consumo de 5,5 kg/dia; piso com resfriamento e consumo à vontade. Os animais mantidos em gaiola com piso com resfriamento e que receberam ração à vontade apresentaram maior consumo de ração, de energia metabolizável e de lisina digestível. A mobilização de reservas corporais foi maior nas porcas mantidas sobre o piso com resfriamento com alimentação restrita, as quais apresentaram também maior intervalo desmame-estro. Os leitões das porcas mantidas sobre o piso com resfriamento tiveram maior peso ao desmame e ganho de peso diário. As porcas lactantes mantidas no piso com resfriamento apresentaram menor frequência respiratória, temperatura retal e temperaturas superficiais da nuca, do pernil e do peito. O resfriamento do piso da gaiola de maternidade favorece a dissipação de calor corporal, melhorando a condição térmica, a capacidade de consumo e o desempenho produtivo de porcas em lactação durante o verão.The effect of cooling the forrowing cage floor on production performance of lactation sows in the summer was evaluated. Forty-two sows from to the 1st to the 5th parturition were allotted to a completely randomized block experimental design with three treatments and 14 repetitions, considering each animal an experimental unit. The treatments were the following: floor not cooled and free intake; floor cooled and 5.5 kg/day of intake; floor cooled and free intake. The sows maintained in cage with cooled floor and fed ad libitum showed greater feed intake, metabolizable energy and digestible lysine. Mobilization of body reserves were greater in sows kept on the cooled floor and receiving restricted food, and they also presented longer interval between weaning and estrus. Piglets of sows kept on cooled floor showed greater weight at weaning and daily weight gain. Lactating sows kept on the cooled floor presented lower values for respiratory frequency, rectal temperature and superficial temperatures of nape, ham and breast. Cooling the farrowing cage floor favors the dissipation of body heat, improving thermal condition, the capacity of feed intake and the productive performance of lactating sows in the summer

Prebiotic and antimicrobials on performance, carcass characteristics, and antibody production in broilers

ABSTRACT: To evaluate the effect of supplementation with mannan oligosaccharides, avilamycin and halquinol, alone or in combination, on the performance, carcass characteristics and antibody production in broilers (1-49 days old), male broiler chicks (n=1440; Cobb 500; one day old) were housed and distributed into a completely randomized design into six treatments (eight replicates; 30 animals per pen). To produce the experimental diets, three types of performance enhancer additives were used. Halquinol (HAL), avilamycin (AVI) and mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) were included (alone or in combination) in the basal diet (instead of corn starch). Effects of diet were observed on results of animal performance in the period 1-21 and 1-42 days old. Broilers fed with a diet without growth promoter showed lower weight gain in relation to those fed with diets with antimicrobials, MOS or a combination of them. In the period 1-49 days old, feed conversion increased in broilers fed with rations without promoter. At the end of the experimental period no influence of diets was observed on the carcass yield and cuts, and titles of specific antibodies to avian infectious bronchitis. The use of MOS and/or antimicrobials (AVI or HAL), alone or in combination, improves feed conversion of broilers reared until 49 days of age

Available phosphorus levels in diets for 30 to 60 kg female pigs selected for meat deposition by maintaining calcium and available phosphorus ratio

With the objective to evaluate levels of available phosphorus (aP) in diets for pigs selected for meat deposition by maintaining the calcium and available phosphorus ratio, it was used 50 commercial hybrid female pigs with initial weight of 30.32 ± 0.29 kg, distributed in a complete randomized experimental design, with five treatments, five replicates, and two animals per experimental unit. Treatments were composed of a corn-soybean meal basal diet and four diets obtained by supplementation of basal diet with dicalcium phosphate, resulting in diets with 0.144; 0.224; 0.304; 0.384 and 0.464% of aP. Calcium levels were adjusted by varying the quantities of limestone in the diets. There was no effect of aP on both daily feed intake and feed conversion. Levels of aP affected daily weight gain which increased quadratically up to the estimated level of 0.372%. There was no effect of aP on quantity of phosphorus in the bones. The quantity of calcium in the bones and percentage of ash in the bones were influenced in an increasing linear way by the aP in the rations. The best result of weight gain of swine females, from 30 to 60 kg, genetically selected for meat deposition, is provided by the level of available phosphorus of 0.372%, which corresponds to a relationship with calcium of 2.06:1 and to a daily intake of 8.20 g of available phosphorus

Digestible tryptophan levels in diets for pigs weighing 15 to 30 kg

In order to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary tryptophan levels on performance and carcass characteristics of growing pigs, a total of 60 crossbred castrated male pigs, with average initial and final body weights of 15.50 ± 1.15 and 30.60 ± 1.35 kg were used. Pigs were allotted in a completely randomized block design, with five dietary treatments (0.149, 0.158, 0.168, 0.177, and 0.187% digestible tryptophan, corresponding to digestible tryptophan:lysine relations of 16.0, 17.0, 18.0, 19.0, and 20.0%), six replicates, and two animals per experimental unit, which was represented by the pen. Experimental diets and water were supplied ad libitum throughout the experimental period. The average maximum and minimum temperatures inside the rooms were of 21.5 ± 1.12°C and 26.4 ± 1.91°C, respectively. There was no effect of digestible tryptophan on daily feed intake or protein deposition of pigs. Body weight gain increased quadratically with increasing digestible tryptophan in the diets up to 0.175% maximum response. Increasing digestible tryptophan in the diets linearly improved feed conversion of pigs. The greatest weight gain of 15 to 30 kg castrated male pigs is obtained at 0.175% digestible tryptophan, corresponding to a digestible tryptophan:lysine relation of 18.82% and an estimated daily intake of 2.32 grams of digestible tryptophan