Produtividade do milho em diferentes manejos de adubação com água residuária de suinocultura

Corn (Zea mays L.) is a cereal of great importance in the world. Culture of Z. mays, requires nutrients mainly Nitrogen. This study aimed to evaluate the production of dry matter and grains by fertigation with swine wastewater at different dilutions. The test was carried out in the experimental area of ​​the IF Goiano, Rio Verde - GO, Brazil, with an average altitude of 720 m at sea level. The experiments received the following treatments, dilution in five proportions of water supply, being wastewater (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) of its volume and two sources of N2 (Urea and Urea Policote). All treatments received the application of Standak®Top (200 mL 100 kg-1) + Policote Seeds Titanium Verde (3 mL kg-1) at sowing time. Swine wastewater provides the highest grain size, dry mass, and grain yield. Wastewater from swine farming has great potential to supply the nutritional demand of the corn crop, where it can partially replace mineral fertilization. Regarding the nutritional aspect of the plant, swine wastewater is a good option for fertilization of corn.El maíz (Zea mays L.) es un cereal de gran importancia a nivel mundial. El cultivo de Z. mays requiere nutrientes, principalmente Nitrógeno. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la producción de materia seca y granos por fertirrigación con aguas residuales porcinas a diferentes diluciones. La prueba se llevó a cabo en el área experimental de la IF Goiano, Rio Verde - GO, Brasil, con una altitud media de 720 m sobre el nivel del mar. Los experimentos recibieron los siguientes tratamientos, dilución en cinco proporciones de agua de aporte, siendo aguas residuales (0, 25, 50, 75 y 100%) de su volumen y dos fuentes de N2 (Urea y Urea Policote). Todos los tratamientos recibieron aplicación de Standak®Top (200 mL 100 kg-1) + Policote Seeds Titanium Verde (3 mL kg-1) al momento de la siembra. Los efluentes porcinos proporcionan el mayor tamaño de grano, masa seca y rendimiento de grano. Las aguas residuales de la cría de cerdos tienen un gran potencial para satisfacer la demanda nutricional del maíz y pueden reemplazar parcialmente la fertilización mineral. En cuanto al aspecto nutricional de la planta, las aguas residuales de la cría de cerdos son una buena opción para la fertilización del maíz.O milho (Zea mays L.) é um cereal de grande importância mundial. A cultura de Z. mays requer nutrientes, principalmente Nitrogênio. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a produção de matéria seca e grãos pela fertirrigação com água residuária de suínos em diferentes diluições. O teste foi realizado na área experimental do IF Goiano, Rio Verde - GO, Brasil, com altitude média de 720 m ao nível do mar. Os experimentos receberam os seguintes tratamentos, diluição em cinco proporções de água de abastecimento, sendo água residuária (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%) de seu volume e duas fontes de N2 (Uréia e Uréia Policote). Todos os tratamentos receberam aplicação de Standak®Top (200 mL 100 kg-1) + Policote Seeds Titanium Verde (3 mL kg-1) na época da semeadura. Efluentes suínos fornecem o maior tamanho de grão, massa seca e rendimento de grãos. A água residuária da suinocultura tem grande potencial para suprir a demanda nutricional da cultura do milho, podendo substituir parcialmente a adubação mineral. Com relação ao aspecto nutricional da planta, a água residuária da suinocultura é uma boa opção para adubação do milho.

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil

Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora