William Edwards Ladd, M.D. (1880-1967): the description of his bands.

In the early 20th century, an established surgical specialty catering to pediatric surgery did not exist, and pediatric surgical ailments were operated on by general surgeons. With his devotion to childhood diseases and his unique thinking in surgical development, William E. Ladd would become a leading figure in America by pioneering the field of pediatric surgery

Uncommon Hepatic Sequelae from an Acute Sickle Cell Crisis

Background Sickle cell crises are commonly treated at our institution given its large sickle cell patient population and well-established hematology department. While pain management is a crucial aspect to these patients\u27 care, it is important to remember that a vasa-occlusive crisis can be life threatening. Many organs can be at risk, including the lungs (acute chest syndrome), brain (stroke), eyes (retinopathy) and as in our case, the liver. We hope this case report can become incorporated in future differential diagnoses pertaining to sickle cell crises. Case Presentation A 48-year-old black female with a past medical history of sickle cell anemia, HIV on antiretroviral therapy, pulmonary hypertension on 4L of home oxygen, lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, remote history of deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism, presented to the emergency department with complaints of shortness of breath, increased abdominal girth and lower extremity swelling for four days. She also complained of lower back and leg pain typical of her sickle cell crises. Her prescribed medications included tenofovir/emtricitabine, atazanavir, ritonavir, folic acid, oxycodone/acetaminophen, oral hydromorphone, and furosemide. Her social history was significant for smoking one fourth of a pack of cigarettes daily

First-principles investigation of graphitic carbon nitride monolayer with embedded Fe atom

Density-functional theory calculations with spin-polarized generalized gradient approximation and Hubbard $U$ correction is carried out to investigate the mechanical, structural, electronic and magnetic properties of graphitic heptazine with embedded $\mathrm{Fe}$ atom under bi-axial tensile strain and applied perpendicular electric field. It was found that the binding energy of heptazine with embedded $\mathrm{Fe}$ atom system decreases as more tensile strain is applied and increases as more electric field strength is applied. Our calculations also predict a band gap at a peak value of 5 tensile strain but at expense of the structural stability of the system. The band gap opening at 5 tensile strain is due to distortion in the structure caused by the repulsive effect in the cavity between the lone pairs of edge nitrogen atoms and $\mathrm{d}_{{xy}}/\mathrm{d}_{x^2-y^2}$ orbital of Fe atom, hence the unoccupied $\mathrm{p}_z$-orbital is forced to shift towards higher energy. The electronic and magnetic properties of the heptazine with embedded $\mathrm{Fe}$ system under perpendicular electric field up to a peak value of 10 $\mathrm{V/nm}$ is also well preserved despite obvious buckled structure. Such properties may be desirable for diluted magnetic semiconductors, spintronics, and sensing devices

Theoretical studies on mechanical and electronic properties of ss-triazine sheet

Mechanical and electronic properties of $s$-triazine are studied using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. The in-plane stiffness and bulk modulus for $s$-triazine sheet are found to be less than that of heptazine. The reduction can be related to the nature of the covalent bonds connecting the adjacent sheets and the number of atoms per unit cell. The Poisson's ratio of $s$-triazine is half the value to that of graphene. Additionally, the calculated values of the two critical strains (elastic and yielding points) of $s$-triazine sheet are in the same order of magnitude to that for heptazine which was calculated using MD simulations in the literature. It is also demonstrated that $s$-triazine sheet can withstand larger tension in the plastic region. These results established a stable mechanical property for $s$-triazine sheet. We found a linear relationship of bandgap as a function of bi-axial tensile strain within the harmonic elastic region. The reduced steric repulse of the lone pairs ($\mathrm{p}_x$-, $\mathrm {p}_y$-) causes the $\mathrm {p}_z$-like orbital to shift to high energy, and consequently an increase in the bandgap. We find no electronic properties modulation of the $s$-triazine sheet under electric field up to a peak value of 10 V/nm. Such noble properties may be useful in future nanomaterial applications.Comment: Manuscript submitted to Philosophical Magazine Journa

Convenience or nuisance?: The ‘WhatsApp’ dilemma

WhatsApp sends real-time messages and is one of the world's most popular communication applications in the 21st century.While this study extends the current knowledge on the use of WhatsApp, it also highlights the challenges of WhatsApp use by young people. The purpose of this study is to examine the domestication of WhatsApp among young people, specifically the undergraduates at Universiti Brunei Darussalam. Results showed how young people perceive WhatsApp as a ‘convenient’ communication application in their everyday lives. Some of the critical issues arising from the use of WhatsApp included distractions and exposure to unregulated messages or information

Adsorption of atoms and molecules on s-triazine sheet with embedded manganese atom: First-principles calculations

The mechanical, structural, electronic and magnetic properties of s-triazine sheet (C6N6) with embedded Mn atom (Mn-C6N6) is investigated under the influence of external environment using density functional theory. Our results show that Mn-C6N6 system is structurally and mechanically stable. The binding energy of Mn embedded in C6N6 sheet can be modulated under the influence of symmetric deformation and perpendicular electric field respectively. The semiconducting property of pure C6N6 sheet is maintained upon embedment of Mn atom in the porous site. It is also found that small increment in bi-axial tensile strain enhances the band gap (from 0.630 eV at zero strain to 0.802 eV at 5% strain) while the magnetic moment of the embedded Mn atom is preserved. The electronic and magnetic properties of the Mn-C6N6 systems are maintained up to 10 V/nm in electric field strength. We also explore the geometries, electronic and magnetic properties of Mn-C6N6 with adsorbed atoms and molecules. The Mn-C6N6 with adsorbed O atom and O2 molecule systems shows half-metallic character whereas the remaining systems preserve their semiconducting property. The total magnetic moment per unit cell in most of the systems is found to reduce as compared to that of the Mn-C6N6 sheet. The reduction in magnetic moment can be related to the strong interactions among the Mn atom and the surrounding atoms which lead to the formation of low-spin configurations. Overall, our results indicate that the Mn-C6N6 systems with and without adsorbed atoms and molecules can serve as potential candidates for future spintronics and catalysis applications.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure

Human Resource Management Policies and Diversity Management (A Case Study on Sainsbury’s)

It is a well-known fact that, to cultivate success in the present competitive business world, an organization must realize the importance of strategic diversified human resources policies and must understand the depth of the implementation necessity of those. This study is based on the purposes of illustrating how a diversified workplace affects the performances of the individual employees, how the work group’s performances are affected and how the total organizations become affected. Motivating the employees to achieve organizational goal is no more a package to be used for years and years. Due to workforce diversity it has become a challenge for the organizations that recruit diversified workforce to manage their human resources by making them loyal and growing the team sense among them. During the last decade and already in the late 90s diversity management has started to gain quite a robust position in the human resource strategies of international companies and organizations. This has occurred largely due to the globalization and international merges, as they have influenced the movement of workers around the globe. The role of diversity management will even grow in importance and significance in the future.However to accomplish this report based on the given perimeter a regression has been conducted with the help of different variables which influence the efficiency of company by making satisfy or dissatisfy them and which derives from the efficient HR policy and the practice of diversified management. A hypothesis from the theory and appropriate strategy to test a hypothesis to accept or reject that is developed from the deductive approach. To find the things out a questionnaire has been made and surveyed, and to make the computation easier, likert scale has been adopted. Furthermore, to find out the stability and the consistency of respondent’s response a Cronbach’s Alpha test has been conducted and found the stability and consistency because all the questions resulted above .7 of standard mark. Finally the result showed that there is a positive and influential relations between dependent and independent variables as well as all the hypothesis is accepted.Eventually it can be said that diversified management and efficient human resource policy should be employed by a company to attain highest level of efficiency. Tight integration of the three dimension (individual, group, and organization) of human resource management help to remain fully active and in producing maximum output from minimum input with variant workforce environment. An important factor is diversification in getting success in today’s business and changing management can help to support the main stream of the organization. Keywords: HRM, Sainsbury, Polices, Diversity, Churchill and Iacobucc

Timing and prognostic factors of tuberculosis treatment interruption

The global Tuberculosis epidemic (TB) poses a significant public health threat. While the consequences of TB treatment interruption are indisputable, the knowledge about the timing and prognostic factors of TB treatment interruption is fundamental. Despite a considerable amount of evaluation, the timing and prognostic factors of TB treatment interruption have been inconsistently identified from one study to another. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the evidence obtained from published literature on the timing and prognostic factors of TB treatment interruption at different points of the treatment course. In this review, three databases namely Pubmed, Scopus, and Science Direct were used to identify articles published from January 2003 to February 2018. This was based on the inclusion criteria and keywords including ‘default’, ‘survival time’, ‘tuberculosis’, and ‘treatment interruption’. The nine selected studies were prospective and retrospective cohort studies conducted in developing countries. The diversity of the study’s participants and TB treatment interruption definition were allowed, thus delineating a heterogeneous finding. This review suggests that the interruption predominantly occurred during the maintenance phase of treatment course. Despite the finding, a considerable gap in understanding the prognostic factors at different time points of TB treatment interruption was elicited. The heterogeneity across the studies may limit the inferences and warrant further evaluation. In essence, the time-related information should be integrated into framing impactful public health strategy, while a vigorous attempt on the evaluation of the cognitive, behavioural and psychosocial aspects may be beneficial

Self-managed learning of myVLE via CBT courseware

Open University Malaysia (OUM) is an open and distance learning institution which provides opportunities for lifelong learning. OUM continuously strives to improve and maintain quality programme delivery in the attempt to produce quality graduates. OUM has been using its own in-house developed learning management system called myVLE (my Virtual Learning Environment) to support lifelong learning undertakings. Since 2002, myVLE has gone through minor enhancements. In late 2013, a new platform was designed and developed with the aim for a more user-friendly learning environment besides providing an optimised online learning experience. The new version of the myVLE was released in January 2014, to be used only for six fully online courses. In September 2014, all courses offered by OUM were migrated to the new myVLE. With the migration and the introduction to the new functions of the new myVLE, it was necessary to make efforts to provide additional support to the learners and online facilitators for a smooth transition. To assist users in adapting to a new user-interface several incentives were taken which include: (a) the development of a learning courseware, (b) short online video clips, and (c) face-to-face training for online facilitators. This paper focuses on the development and use of the learning courseware which was instructionally designed based on ADDIE model. (Abstract by author