Lost in Translation: Word Sense Disambiguation.

In natural languages, a word can take on different meanings in different contexts. Word sense disambiguation (WSD) refers to the task of determining the correct meaning or sense of a word in context

Building An Ontology-Based Multilingual Lexicon For Word Sense Disambiguation In Machine Translation.

Word sense disambiguation (WSD) requires the establishment of a list of the different meanings of words. WSD efforts in machine translation require) in addition) the equivalent translation words in target languages

Conceptual Vectors, A Complementary Tool To Lexical Networks.

There is currently much research in natural language processing focusing on lexical networks. Most of them, in particular the most famous, word-Net, lack syntagmatic information and especially thematic information (“Tennis Problem"). This article describes conceptual vectors that allows the representation of ideas in any textual segment and offers a continuous vision of related thematics, based on the distances between these thematics. We show the characteristics of conceptual vectors and explain how they complement lexico-semantic networks. we illustrate this purpose by adding conceptual vectors to wordNet by emergence

Digitising Dictionaries For Advanced Look-Up And Lexical Knowledge Research In Malay.

Electronic dictionaries need not be mere OCR digitised versions of their paper-form counterparts: they can be made more computer-tractable to facilitate more meaningful operations and data exchange. For instance, explicitly annotating different fields in a dictionary entry allows more targeted look-ups, as we will show using Kamus Dewan as an example. Dictionary data can also be reorganised to enable semantic base search. The wordnet lexical database is one such model, for which we created a prototype for the Malay language. As both the proposed annotated Kamus Dewan and Malay WordNet are compiled according to established standards and guidelines, the data can be aligned with similar lexical resources of other languages. This provides a means for mutual sharing, interchange and enrichment of lexical data and knowledge between Malay and other languages

Les Vecteurs Conceptuels, Un Outil Complémentaire Aux Réseaux Lexicaux.

Frequemment utilises dans le Traitement Automatique des Langues Naturelles, les reseaux lexicaux font aujourd'hui I'objet de nombreuses recherches. La phfart d'entre eux, et en particulier le plus celdbre WordNet, souftent du manque d'informations syntagmatiques mais aussi d'informations thematiques (). There is currently much research in natural language processing focusing on lexical networks. Most of them, in particular the most famous, WordNet, lack syntagmatic information and but also thematic information ()

Pseudo-solidification of dredged marine soils with cement - fly ash for reuse in coastal development

The dislodged and removed sediments from the seabed, termed dredged marine soils, are generally classified as a waste material requiring special disposal procedures. This is due to the potential contamination risks of transporting and disposing the dredged soils, and the fact that the material is of poor engineering quality, unsuitable for usage as a conventional good soil in construction. Also, taking into account the incurred costs and risk exposure in transferring the material to the dump site, whether on land or offshore, it is intuitive to examine the possibilities of reusing the dredged soils, especially in coastal development where the transportation route would be of shorter distance between the dredged site and the construction location. Pseudo-solidification of soils is not a novel idea though, where hydraulic binders are injected and mixed with soils to improve the inherent engineering properties for better load bearing capacity. It is commonly used on land in areas with vast and deep deposits of soft, weak soils. However, to implement the technique on the displaced then replaced dredged soil would require careful study, as the material is far more poorly than their land counterparts, and that the deployment of equipment and workforce in a coastal environment is understandably more challenging. The paper illustrates the laboratory investigation of the improved engineering performance of dredged marine soil sample with cement and fly ash blend. Some key findings include optimum dosage of cement and fly ash mix to produce up to 30 times of small strain stiffness improvement, pre-yield settlement reduction of the treated soil unaffected by prolonged curing period, and damage of the cementitious bonds formed by the rather small dosage of admixtures in the soil post-yield. In short, the test results show a promising reuse potential of the otherwise discarded dredged marine soils

Context-dependent multilingual lexical lookup for under-resourced languages

Current approaches for word sense disambiguation and translation selection typically require lexical resources or large bilingual corpora with rich information fields and annotations, which are often infeasible for under-resourced languages. We extract translation context knowledge from a bilingual comparable corpora of a richer-resourced language pair, and inject it into a multilingual lexicon. The multilingual lexicon can then be used to perform context-dependent lexical lookup on texts of any language, including under-resourced ones. Evaluations on a prototype lookup tool, trained on a English-Malay bilingual Wikipedia corpus, show a precision score of 0.65 (baseline 0.55) and mean reciprocal rank score of 0.81 (baseline 0.771). Based on the early encouraging results, the context-dependent lexical lookup tool may be developed further into an intelligent reading aid, to help users grasp the gist of a second or foreign language text

Development of high resolution melting analysis for the diagnosis of human malaria

Molecular detection has overcome limitations of microscopic examination by providing greater sensitivity and specificity in Plasmodium species detection. The objective of the present study was to develop a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction coupled with high-resolution melting (qRT-PCR-HRM) assay for rapid, accurate and simultaneous detection of all five human Plasmodium spp. A pair of primers targeted the 18S SSU rRNA gene of the Plasmodium spp. was designed for qRT-PCR-HRM assay development. Analytical sensitivity and specificity of the assay were evaluated. Samples collected from 229 malaria suspected patients recruited from Sabah, Malaysia were screened using the assay and results were compared with data obtained using PlasmoNexTM, a hexaplex PCR system. The qRT-PCR-HRM assay was able to detect and discriminate the five Plasmodium spp. with lowest detection limits of 1–100 copy numbers without nonspecific amplifications. The detection of Plasmodium spp. in clinical samples using this assay also achieved 100% concordance with that obtained using PlasmoNexTM. This indicated that the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of this assay in Plasmodium spp. detection is comparable with those of PlasmoNexTM. The qRT-PCR-HRM assay is simple, produces results in two hours and enables high-throughput screening. Thus, it is an alternative method for rapid and accurate malaria diagnosis

Multi-Modality Imaging of Atheromatous Plaques in Peripheral Arterial Disease: Integrating Molecular and Imaging Markers

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a common and debilitating condition characterized by the narrowing of the limb arteries, primarily due to atherosclerosis. Non-invasive multi-modality imaging approaches using computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and nuclear imaging have emerged as valuable tools for assessing PAD atheromatous plaques and vessel walls. This review provides an overview of these different imaging techniques, their advantages, limitations, and recent advancements. In addition, this review highlights the importance of molecular markers, including those related to inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress, in PAD pathophysiology. The potential of integrating molecular and imaging markers for an improved understanding of PAD is also discussed. Despite the promise of this integrative approach, there remain several challenges, including technical limitations in imaging modalities and the need for novel molecular marker discovery and validation. Addressing these challenges and embracing future directions in the field will be essential for maximizing the potential of molecular and imaging markers for improving PAD patient outcomes