Phosphorylation of androgen receptors at serine 515 is a potential prognostic marker for triple negative breast cancer

1.7 million cases of breast cancer are diagnosed every year with 522,000 deaths. Molecular classifications of breast cancer have resulted in improved treatments. However, treatments for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are lacking. Analysis of molecular targets for TNBC is a priority. One potential candidate is androgen receptor (AR) phosphorylation. This study assessed the role of AR phosphorylation at ser81/ser515 and their two upstream effectors, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (pCDK1) and extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2) in 332 ductal breast cancer patients by immunohistochemistry. pERK1/2 combined with AR-515 associated with improved cancer-specific survival (CSS, p = 0.038), decreased size (p = 0.001), invasive grade (p < 0.001), necrosis (p = 0.003), b-lymphocytes (p = 0.020), molecular subtype (p < 0.001) and estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR)-status (p < 0.001). The cohort was therefore stratified into ER+ve and ER-ve patients. In ER+ve tumours, pERK1/2 combined with AR-515 associated with improved CSS (p = 0.038), smaller size (p = 0.004), invasive grade (p = 0.001), decreased b-lymphocytes (p = 0.013) and increased plasma cells (p = 0.048). In contrast, in TNBC patients, phosphorylation of AR-515 associated with poorer CSS (p = 0.007). pERK1/2 combined with AR-515 associated with decreased inflammation (p = 0.003), increased tumour stroma (p = 0.003) and tumour budding (p = 0.011), with trends towards decrease CSS (p = 0.065) and macrophage levels (p = 0.093). In Conclusions, AR-515 may be an important regulator of inflammation in breast cancer potential via ERK1/2 phosphorylation. AR-515 is a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for TNBC

Understanding the Potential for a Hallyu “Backlash” in Southeast Asia: A Case Study of Consumers in Thailand, Malaysia and Philippines

Korean cultural products (known as Hallyu) are now the dominant incarnation of East Asian culture throughout Southeast Asia and have introduced consumers to Korean industry, cosmetics, and culture. Recent work has concentrated heavily upon this region and the new dynamics Southeast Asian countries can offer to the study of inter-Asian cultural links, particularly during the political amalgamation of the ASEAN economic community. Yet in the more developed Southeast Asian nations of Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines, there is some evidence of a rejection of and animosity towards Hallyu products from consumers who are beginning to question and disapprove of the high number of Korean products in their countries. Through interviews with over 70 consumers dissatisfied with Hallyu across these three nations, this project identifies three main areas under which this potential for a Hallyu “backlash” occurs: perceptions of colonial-esque attitudes and cultural imperialism from Korea; the movement of Hallyu from an innovative new “high culture” to a static and out-of-date “low culture”; and the increasing availability of new and different international products that threaten to usurp Hallyu. Such evidence represents a potential change in East and Southeast Asian relations, as well as the long term difficulties inherent in using Hallyu as a vehicle to maintain Korean influence

The Skin in Cowden Syndrome

Cowden syndrome (CS) is an autosomal dominant condition caused by mutations in the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene, and is characterized by multiple hamartomas and a predisposition to malignant tumors. Characteristic skin lesions include trichilemmomas, acral keratosis, mucocutaneous neuromas, oral papillomas, and penile macules, and are often the first clues to the underlying diagnosis. Here, we discuss the mucocutaneous manifestations of CS, differential diagnoses of genetic causes of each cutaneous finding, genetic analyses for patients with skin manifestations, management of patients with CS, and potential new targeted therapies for CS

Cross-Cultural Variations in Naïve Psychology among 2-year-olds: A Comparison of Children in the United Kingdom and Singapore

Children's understanding of naïve psychology is the main focus of this study. Research evidence suggests that 2- and 3-year-olds understand some aspects of naïve psychology. By 4 years, they develop internal representations of mental states. Previous studies have also reported cross-cultural variations in naïve psychology development. The majority of this research has focused on Western individualistic societies such as Australia, Europe and North America, and Eastern collectivism societies such as China and Japan. Singapore with its blend of Eastern and Western values represents a unique case for comparison with Western societies. This paper reports a cross-cultural study of young children's developing understanding of naïve psychology in Edinburgh, UK and Singapore. It addresses three main questions: (a) Are there cross-cultural differences in the development of naïve psychology?; (b) What are children's performance sequences on naïve psychology tasks?; and (c) Are naïve psychology concepts coherent? The participants were 87 children from the UK (n=43, mean age 2 years 4 months) and Singapore (n=44, mean age 2 years 5 months). This study incorporated several established tasks of pretence, desires, emotions, perceptions, appearance-reality and false-beliefs to investigate children's understanding of non-representational and representational mental states. The results showed no gross cross-cultural differences. However, significant cultural differences in performance on two tasks and differences in the coherence of naïve psychology concepts were identified. The results highlight the importance of considering subtle cultural influences on children's developing understanding of various aspects of naïve psychology. © 2010 Brill

Gender, Media and Leader Emergence: Examining the Impression Management Strategies of Men and Women in Different Settings

This study examined the impact of media (face-to-face versus computer-mediated communication) on the process of leadership emergence by females and males. Specifically, we adapted the literature associated with impression management to investigate whether there are any differences in terms of two key impression management behaviors- self-promotion and supplication- between males and females who emerged as leaders in face-to-face and technology-mediated settings. Our findings challenge conventional gender-related findings. The results indicated that self-promotion plays an important role in influencing leadership emergence while supplication negatively impacts leadership emergence. In a face-to-face context, females who emerged as leaders were found to employ more self-promotion tactics than male leaders while female leaders and male leaders did not differ with respect to the amount of supplication tactics used. Females who emerged as leaders in a face-to-face context were also found to engage in greater self-promotion and more supplication tactics than females who emerged as leaders in a CmC context. Interestingly, there was no significant impact of media on the extent of self-promotion and supplication strategies displayed by male leaders. Future research avenues and implications are discussed

Commonplaces, Aristophanes, and Clouds in Hamlet

No description supplie

Nasal Airflow Simulation Of Patient With Septal Deviation And Allergy Rhinitis

This is a research based on numerical simulation a patient’s nasal airflow by using computational fluid dynamic (CFD). The CT scans of patient with both septal deviation and allergy rhinitis is obtained from Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI) to study the impact of both diseases to human nasal cavity. The three-dimensional (3D) nasal cavity model of the patient is being constructed by using InVeselius 3.0. The 3D nasal model is then being imported to CATIA V5 for modification and finally imported into ANSYS FLUENT for the numerical solution. The results and effects of these two diseases on a patient are being analyzed on geometrical, cross-sectional area, mass flow rate, pressure and velocity magnitude. The cross-sectional area, velocity magnitude and velocity contours for the four main surfaces: vestibule, nasal valve, middle turbinate and nasopharynx are being analyzed and compared with the standardized nasal cavity as well

Comparison Of Biofuels In Jet Engine Combustion Characteristic Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

Rapid decreasing of resources and environmental pollution caused by aviation industries have become a severe issue which leads to increases in the greenhouse effect. The use of biofuel becomes an option to alleviate issues related to unrenewable resources. However, the biofuel is not easy to obtain and experimental work to study biofuels’ performances will be costly. Therefore, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is a feasible way to study on the biofuel combustion characteristics. This study presents a computational simulation on the biofuel combustion characteristics of various alternative fuels on a real combustion chamber geometry. The biofuels used in this study are biodiesel derived from Sorghum, algae extracted from Spirulina platensis and hydrotreated ester fatty acid types of fuel (HEFA) made from Camelina. Meanwhile, Jet-A is used as a baseline fuel. The fuel properties and combustion characteristics are being investigated and analysed. The results are presented in terms of temperature and pressure profiles in addition to the formation of NOx and soot generated from the combustion chamber. Results obtained show that HEFA fuel is the most recommended biofuel among all four tested fuels as it is being found that it burns with 37.6% lower temperature; 15.2% lower pressure; 89.5% lower NOx emission and 8.1% lower soot emission compared with the baseline fuel. In other words, HEFA fuel burns with relatively high energy and low pollutants