Perspective shifts of Korean evidentials and the effect of contexts

In this paper we identify two types of the evidential perspective shifts (the evidence holder indicated by an evidential marker is different from the utterance of the sentence containing that evidential marker) in Korean, the shift in interrogatives and the shift in declaratives, and explain these two shifts by proposing specific lexical entries for Korean evidential markers without any significant revision of the existing theory of interrogatives or indexicals. We also discuss an implication of our proposal, especially with respect to the interaction between our lexical entry for the Korean direct evidential marker and the Korean long-distance anaphor caki

Discovery of Q203, a potent clinical candidate for the treatment of tuberculosis

New therapeutic strategies are needed to combat the tuberculosis pandemic and the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) forms of the disease, which remain a serious public health challenge worldwide1, 2. The most urgent clinical need is to discover potent agents capable of reducing the duration of MDR and XDR tuberculosis therapy with a success rate comparable to that of current therapies for drug-susceptible tuberculosis. The last decade has seen the discovery of new agent classes for the management of tuberculosis3, 4, 5, several of which are currently in clinical trials6, 7, 8. However, given the high attrition rate of drug candidates during clinical development and the emergence of drug resistance, the discovery of additional clinical candidates is clearly needed. Here, we report on a promising class of imidazopyridine amide (IPA) compounds that block Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth by targeting the respiratory cytochrome bc1 complex. The optimized IPA compound Q203 inhibited the growth of MDR and XDR M. tuberculosis clinical isolates in culture broth medium in the low nanomolar range and was efficacious in a mouse model of tuberculosis at a dose less than 1 mg per kg body weight, which highlights the potency of this compound. In addition, Q203 displays pharmacokinetic and safety profiles compatible with once-daily dosing. Together, our data indicate that Q203 is a promising new clinical candidate for the treatment of tuberculosis

Korean Evidential -te- Inference from Direct Evidence

Korean evidential marker -te- introduces difference presuppositions depending on the presence or absence of tense markers. When there is no overt tense, it may introduce the presupposition that the speaker’s assertion is based on her direct perceptive evidence when it is used without any overt tense (direct evidential presupposition). However, when used with other tense markers, it introduces the presupposition that the speaker’s assertion is based on inference from her direct perception of some eventuality (inferential evidential presupposition). Furthermore, without any tense marker, the proposition embedded under the scope of -te- may refer to the eventuality which occurred before the utterance time. To solve this puzzle, I propose that -te- always introduce the inferential evidential presupposition, and the direct evidential presupposition is a special instance of the inferential evidential presupposition based on tautological reasoning. I also propose that -te- introduces a salient time interval t before the utterance time, and explain the past reading triggered by -te- with the absence of tense markers by making the additional assumption that when there is no overt tense is used a covert anaphoric tense is inserted instead.The Coyote Papers are made available by the Arizona Linguistics Circle at the University of Arizona and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] with questions about these materials

Ensemble Modeling for Sustainable Technology Transfer

These days, technological advances are being made through technological conversion. Following this trend, companies need to adapt and secure their own sustainable technological strategies. Technology transfer is one such strategy. This method is especially effective in coping with recent technological developments. In addition, universities and research institutes are able to secure new research opportunities through technology transfer. The aim of our study is to provide a technology transfer prediction model for the sustainable growth of companies. In the proposed method, we first collected patent data from a Korean patent information service provider. Next, we used latent Dirichlet allocation, which is a topic modeling method used to identify the technical field of the collected patents. Quantitative indicators on the patent data were also extracted. Finally, we used the variables that we obtained to create a technology transfer prediction model using the AdaBoost algorithm. The model was found to have sufficient classification performance. It is expected that the proposed model will enable universities and research institutes to secure new technology development opportunities more efficiently. In addition, companies using this model can maintain sustainable growth in line, coping with the changing pace of society

Design of a 3D BMP-2-Delivering Tannylated PCL Scaffold and Its Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Osteogenic Effects In Vitro

In this study, a novel three-dimensional (3D) bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2)-delivering tannylated polycaprolactone (PCL) (BMP-2/tannic acid (TA)/PCL) scaffold with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and osteogenic activities was fabricated via simple surface coating with TA, followed by the immobilization of BMP-2 on the TA-coated PCL scaffold. The BMP-2/TA/PCL scaffold showed controlled and sustained BMP-2 release. It effectively scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, and increased the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells pre-treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Additionally, the BMP-2/TA/PCL scaffold significantly suppressed the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, it showed outstanding enhancement of the osteogenic activity of MC3T3-E1 cells through increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition. Our findings demonstrated that the BMP-2/TA/PCL scaffold plays an important role in scavenging ROS, suppressing inflammatory response, and enhancing the osteogenic differentiation of cells