A comprehensive comparison of random forests and support vector machines for microarray-based cancer classification

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cancer diagnosis and clinical outcome prediction are among the most important emerging applications of gene expression microarray technology with several molecular signatures on their way toward clinical deployment. Use of the most accurate classification algorithms available for microarray gene expression data is a critical ingredient in order to develop the best possible molecular signatures for patient care. As suggested by a large body of literature to date, support vector machines can be considered "best of class" algorithms for classification of such data. Recent work, however, suggests that random forest classifiers may outperform support vector machines in this domain.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In the present paper we identify methodological biases of prior work comparing random forests and support vector machines and conduct a new rigorous evaluation of the two algorithms that corrects these limitations. Our experiments use 22 diagnostic and prognostic datasets and show that support vector machines outperform random forests, often by a large margin. Our data also underlines the importance of sound research design in benchmarking and comparison of bioinformatics algorithms.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We found that both on average and in the majority of microarray datasets, random forests are outperformed by support vector machines both in the settings when no gene selection is performed and when several popular gene selection methods are used.</p

SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PELATIHAN KARYAWAN DENGAN METODE PIPRECIA-EDAS

Salah satu sumber daya penting di perusahaan adalah sumber daya manusia, oleh karena ini pengembangan kompetensi sumber daya manusia merupakan salah satu hal yang perlu diperhatikan. Salah satu cara yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi karyawan adalah dengan mengikuti pelatihan sesuai dengan bidang pekerjaannya. Dengan jumlah karyawan, bidang pekerjaan dan jenis serta topik pelatihan yang banyak, perusahaan seringkali mengalami kesulitan dalam pemilihannya. Untuk membantu perusahaan dalam proses pemilihan pelatihan dan karyawan sebagai pesertanya maka dirancang sistem pendukung keputusan untuk pemilihan pelatihan dengan menggunakan metode PIPRECIA-EDAS. Pada penelitian ini diambil studi kasus untuk sistem pendukung keputusan untuk proses seleksi peserta pelatihan. Aplikasi pendukung keputusan yang dihasilkan, dapat diakses oleh kepala divisi atau manajer. Kriteria penilaian yang dipilih yaitu nilai presensi, hasil uji skill, skill dan penilaian manajer. Penggabungan metode PIPRECIA- EDAS digunakan untuk membantu manajer dalam mengambil keputusan peserta pelatihan

Language and Communication Deficits in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of the Literature on the Progression, Prevention, and Mediation of Language Barriers Experienced by Individuals with Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) poses a significant societal problem with regard to the quality of life in the aging population worldwide (Alzheimer’s Association, 2021). One ability that is affected early on in the disease is language processing, which can result in feelings of isolation due to its significant impact on one’s relationships, overall communicative ability, and quality of life (Szatloczki et al., 2015). Thus, it is of great importance to identify evidence-based interventions and preventative measures, as well as communication strategies, helpful to patients and their caregivers. In this review of literature, we examined language difficulties pertaining to semantic verbal fluency, word finding, and discourse markers, while also identifying the neural mechanisms likely responsible (e.g., Arnoff et al., 2006; Chapman et al., 1998; Eriksson et al., 2015; Pakhomov et al., 2018). In addition, we present research on the theory of cognitive reserve as a preventative measure, with a special emphasis on the influence of bilingualism (Bialystok et al., 2007; Gold, 2016; Perani et al., 2017) and music training (Chaddock-Heyman et al., 2021; Lyu et al., 2018). The research supports the efficacy of various interactive music therapies to allow extended communication between caregivers and AD patients, especially since later life music therapy can help preserve or enhance memory and language ability in patients with moderate or severe AD (Clare et al., 2020; Lyu et al., 2018; Wong et al., 2019). Future research could further investigate the long-term effects and applications of language and music interventions. Importantly, incorporating increasingly diverse samples is necessary to increase the generalizability of the research described (Brewster et al., 2018, Ferretti et al., 2018)

A weird but interesting journey: Personal traumatic growth for individuals with hallucinations

Objectives: Hallucinations can be traumatic. However, research into 'post-traumatic growth' in relation to hallucinations is scarce. This study aims to further our understanding of personal growth in the context of hallucinations. Design: A phenomenological qualitative approach was used to explore experiences of personal growth with hallucinations, adopting Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) methodology. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven people who experience hallucinations. Participants were asked about experiences of personal growth, their expectations of individual transformation, and facilitating and hindering factors in the attainment of personal growth. Transcripts were analysed ensuring suitable saturation and representation of the data was achieved. Results: One overall theme (A journey towards personal growth) and five subthemes were identified: A difficult journey taken day by day, Stigma, Acceptance, Finding the right support, and Personal growth. Conclusions: Findings supported personal growth in the context of hallucinations and highlighted facilitators and barriers. Practitioner points • There is scarce literature supporting the development of personal growth with hallucinatory experiences and it is empirically limited. The present research provides greater information into the phenomenon to inform service provision. • The importance of acceptance and maintaining hope for change was highlighted. • Services and the use of coping strategies were both identified as facilitative and hindering of personal growth. • This research provides a necessary alternative to the often negative literature; challenging societal perceptions and helping promote much needed hope in clinicians, the public and individuals experiencing hallucinations

Glad to be sad, and other examples of benign masochism

We provide systematic evidence for the range and importance of hedonic reversals as a major source of pleasure, and incorporate these findings into the theory of benign masochism. Twenty-nine different initially aversive activities are shown to produce pleasure (hedonic reversals) in substantial numbers of individuals from both college student and Mechanical Turk samples. Hedonic reversals group, by factor analysis, into sadness, oral irritation, fear, physical activity/exhaustion, pain, strong alcohol-related tastes, bitter tastes, and disgust. Liking for sad experiences (music, novels, movies, paintings) forms a coherent entity, and is related to enjoyment of crying in response to sad movies. For fear and oral irritation, individuals also enjoy the body's defensive reactions. Enjoyment of sadness is higher in females across domains. We explain these findings in terms of benign masochism, enjoyment of negative bodily reactions and feelings in the context of feeling safe, or pleasure at ``mind over body''. In accordance with benign masochism, for many people, the favored level of initially negative experiences is just below the level that cannot be tolerated

Exploring the role of experiential characteristics in fashion retail pop-ups on retail experience of UK Millennial consumers

In Brandstrup, M., Dana, L-P., Ryding, D., Vignali, G. and Caratù, M. (eds). The Garments Economy: Understanding History, Developing Business Models, and Leveraging Digital Technologies. Springer, Switzerland

Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Administrasi Pada PD. Meteor Motor

PD. Meteor Motor is a company specialized in the sale of Honda motorcycles. The stock of the company has been run in a computerized, but other business processes (purchases and sales) run manually. The purpose of this thesis is to develop a web-based information system that is accessible by company management in operational activities. The application interface is designed using CSS and HTML. This information system is built by using PHP, Java, and HTML programming language. As for data storage uses MySQL. The results based on questionnaires on the application of information systems at PT. Meteor Motor, several conclusions can be drawn that 80% of respondents said that the design of the application system is quite easy to use, and as many as 20% of respondents said that the design of the application is easy to use, in addition as much as 60% of respondents said application system sufficient to meet the company\u27s business processes, and as many as 40% of respondents said application system meets the company\u27s business processes, as well as 60% of respondents said application system is easily accessible, and 40% of respondents said application system is very easily accessibl

Association between sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and lower extremity amputation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: The association between sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i\u27s) and lower extremity amputation is unclear. PURPOSE: To systematically review randomized control trials (RCTs) and observational studies quantifying risk of lower extremity amputations associated with SGLT2i use. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from January 2011 to February 2020 for RCTs and observational studies including lower extremity amputation outcomes for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with SGLT2i\u27s vs. alternative treatments or placebo. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two reviewers independently extracted data. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Our primary outcome was risk of lower limb amputation. Secondary outcomes included peripheral arterial disease, peripheral vascular disease, venous ulcerations, and diabetic foot infections. We also evaluated the risk of bias. We conducted random and fixed effects relative risk meta-analysis of RCTs. RESULTS: After screening 2,006 studies, 12 RCTs and 18 observational studies were included, of which 7 RCTs and 18 observational studies had at least one event. The random effects meta-analysis of 7 RCTs suggested the absence of a statistically significant association between SGLT2i exposure with evidence of substantial statistical heterogeneity (n = 424/23,716 vs n = 267/18,737 in controls; RR 1.28, CI\u27s 0.93-1.76; I2 = 62.0%; p = 0.12) whereas fixed effects analysis showed an increased risk with statistical heterogeneity (RR 1.27, 1.09-1.48; I2 = 62%; p = 0.003). Subgroup analysis of canagliflozin vs placebo showed a statistically significantly increased risk in a fixed effects meta-analysis (n = 2 RCTs, RR 1.59, 1.26-2.01; I2 = 88%; p = 0.0001) whereas the meta-analysis of dapagliflozin or empagliflozin (n = 2 RCTs each) and a single RCT for ertugliflozin did not show a significantly increased risk. The findings from observational studies were too heterogeneous to be pooled in a meta-analysis and draw meaningful conclusions. Both randomized and observational studies were of generally good methodological quality. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, there was no consistent evidence of SGLT2i exposure and increased risk of amputation. The increased risk of amputation seen in the large, long-term Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study (CANVAS) trial for canagliflozin, and select observational studies, merits continued exploration