Response of Three Species of Monkeys to Caregiver Use of Species-Typical Behavior

Caregivers are a primary part of captive monkey environments. When addressing psychological well-being of captive nonhuman primates, social environment should be considered. Chimpanzees, gorillas, New World monkeys, and Old World monkeys responded positively to interactions with caregivers. Some species showed increased affiliative behaviors and decreased abnormal or self-directed behaviors after interactions. These studies showed that caregivers can affect the behavior of nonhuman primates. Caregivers are underutilized as a source of social interaction for captive nonhuman primates. Utilizing species-typical behaviors during interactions, caregivers and nonhuman primates can communicate and interact in different ways that may be beneficial to both caregiver and nonhuman primate. When caregivers utilized species-typical behaviors during interactions with zoo-living chimpanzees and laboratory-living rhesus macaques, all nonhuman primates responded to the change in caregiver behavior. In these studies chimpanzees responded individually, but most showed an increase in affiliative and playful behaviors. In rhesus macaques, all abnormal behaviors significantly decreased. These studies are currently the only that utilize species-typical behaviors during interactions with nonhuman primates. The current study expanded on caregiver usage of species-typical behaviors with captive, sanctuary-living monkeys. Four monkeys (two Macaca mulatta, one Macaca fuscata, one Papio anubis) participated in the study, conducted at Fauna Foundation in Carignan, Quebec, Canada. GoPro cameras recorded caregiver interactions for 16 days. There were two experimental conditions, monkey behavior condition and human behavior condition. In the monkey behavior condition, caregivers interacted using monkey behaviors. In the human behavior condition, caregivers interacted using human behaviors. The researcher coded proximity and body orientation in relation to the front caging, vocalizations, and discrete behaviors. All monkeys showed differences in behavior based on condition. Three monkeys spent significantly more time oriented toward the front caging in the monkey behavior condition. One monkey spent significantly more time within his arm length to the front caging during the monkey behavior condition. Grunting significantly increased during the human behavior condition. One monkey significantly decreased self-biting and displacement behaviors during the monkey behavior condition. Displace object occurred equally in both conditions. This study showed that monkeys respond to caregivers who interact with species-typical behaviors

Impossible allies: SNCC, Black freedom, and the civil rights liberal alliance

On the eve of the fiftieth anniversary of Black Power and amidst a resurgence of national interest in African American grassroots political mobilizations under the Black Lives Matter umbrella, this dissertation argues for a reformulation of how we understand the history of the civil rights movement, Black Power, and their respective, though interrelated, relationships to Black-defined liberation, mainstream liberalism, and radical politics. By analyzing and reframing familiar debates this project pursues a more usable history for ongoing liberation struggles. It first argues that though it was politically valuable to the civil rights establishment to align itself with mainstream white liberals in the national politics, in media, and in the public sphere, this civil rights liberal alliance ultimately de-centered Black-defined interests, visions, and goals from the Black freedom struggle. While grassroots, Black-centered direct action was a key part of the civil rights liberal framework, maintaining strategic alliance with white liberals in positions of power continued to be a movement priority. From this basis this dissertation re-interprets the liberal framework of the mainstream civil rights movement by examining the uneasy relationship between the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and the civil rights liberal alliance. SNCC’s political trajectory illustrates these tensions well. They were an organization of young people who were both independent from but highly influenced by existing civil rights organizations. Yet, over the course of SNCC’s organizational life, they eventually eschewed the liberal framework out of which they came. This project examines this trajectory, highlighting their call for Black Power in 1966 to demonstrate the ways in which Black Power represented a reassertion of Black-centered struggle and simultaneously, how that re-assertion was unacceptable within the framework of the civil rights liberal alliance

Efeitos da radiação por feixe de eletrões no valor nutricional de Bauhinia Variegata var cândida: flores comestíveis provenientes do Brasil

As flores comestíveis têm sido muito utilizadas nas artes culinárias, sendo uma tradição em todo o munto desde há muitos anos. São utilizadas várias formas, cores e sabores de flores comestfveis, com o objetivo de melhorar a qualidade sensória! e nutricional dos alimentos [1,2]. As flores de Bauhinia variegata L. são grandes e apresentam coloração rosa a lilás na variedade mais comum, ocorrendo ainda uma variedade de flores brancas, denominada B. variegata var Cândida. Estas flores são vulgarmente conhecidas como "pata de vaca branca", sendo comestíveis e muito utilizadas em saladas. No presente estudo, as flores foram submetidas a radiação por feixe de eletrões em diferentes doses (0.5 e 0.8 KGy) como forma de descontaminação, e analisadas em termos de parâmetros nutricionais nomeadamente, composição centesimal (humidade, proteínas, gordura, hidratos de carbono e cinzas) e perfil em açúcares livres (determinados por HPLC-RI) e em ácidos gordos (analisados por GC-FID). As amostras controlo (não irradiadas) e irradiadas apresentaram um perfil muito semelhante; os hidratos de carbono foram os nutrientes mais abundantes nas amostras, seguidos das proteínas, gorduras e cinzas. Os perfis em açúcares foram também similares, estando presentes a frutose em maior quantidade, seguida da gtucose e da sacarose. Os ácidos capróico (C6:0), caprílico (C8:0), cáprico (C10:0), láurico (C12:0), mirístico (C14:0), palmítico (C16:0), esteárico (C18:0) e oleico (C18:1n9) foram os ácidos gordos mais abundantes nas amostras em estudo. Os ácidos gordos saturados (SFA) foram majoritários, seguidos dos mono (MUFA) e potinsaturados (PUFA). No entanto, com maior dose de radiação a percentagem de SFA e MUFA diminui ligeiramente (principalmente ácidos esteárico e oleico, respetivamente), aumentando a percentagem de PUFA (principalmente pelo aumento dos ácidos linoleico e a-linolénico). Em suma, as doses de irradiação aplicadas não alteraram significativamente o valor nutricional das amostras em estudo, podendo ser considerada como técnica de descontaminação e preservação de flores comestíveis

The influence of electron beam radiation on the nutritional composition of edible flowers of Bauhinia variegata L. from Brazil

No presente estudo, flores de Bauhinia variegata L. foram submetidas a radiação por feixe de eletrões em diferentes doses (0,5 e 0,8 kGy) para efeitos de descontaminação e, seguidamente, analisadas em termos de parâmetros nutricionais: composição centesimal (humidade, proteínas, gordura, hidratos de carbono e cinza), perfil em açúcares livres (determinados por HPLC -RI) e em ácidos gordos (analisados por GC -FID) a fim de analisar a influência da radiação por feixe de eletrões nas propriedades nutricionais das amostras. O teor em cinza aumentou ligeiramente com o aumento da dose de irradiação assim como o teor em hidratos de carbono. O teor em proteínas diminuiu nas amostras irradiadas e o teor em gordura diminuiu nas amostras irradiadas a 0,5 KGy. O conteúdo em frutose, glucose e sacarose manteve -se sem alterações significativas, pelo que o teor em açúcares totais também não sofreu alterações. A percentagem de SFA e MUFA diminuiu com a dose de 0,8 kGy, contrariamente ao teor em PUFA que aumentou nas amostras irradiadas com 0,8 kGy. O processo de irradiação não afetou grandemente as características nutricionais, podendo ser útil na descontaminação de flores comestíveis.In the present study, flowers of Bauhinia variegata L. were submitted to electron beam radiation at different doses (0.5 and 0.8 kGy) for decontamination purposes and then analysed in terms of nutritional parameters: centesimal composition (moisture, proteins, fat, carbohydrates and ash), profile in free sugars (Determined by HPLC -RI) and fatty acids (analysed by GC -FID) in order to study the influence of electron -beam radiation on the nutritional properties of the flower samples. The ash content increased with the increasing in the irradiation dose as also the content in carbohydrates. The proteins content decreased in the irradiated samples and the fat content decreased in samples irradiated at 0.5 kGy. The fructose, glucose and sucrose contents were maintained without significant differences, thus causing no alteration in total sugars content. The percentage of SFA and MUFA decreased at 0.8 kGy, contrarly to the content in PUFA that increased with the dose of 0.8 kGy. The irradiation process did not greatly affect nutritional characteristics and could be useful in decontamination of edible flowers.À Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) pelo apoio financeiro ao CIMO (PEst -OE/AGR/ UI0690/2014) e Sandrina A. Heleno (SFRH/BPD/101413/2014). Este estudo está incluído no projeto bilateral CNPq -FCT, Portugal/Brasil 2014.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Depression, Loneliness, and Life Satisfaction in Emerging Adults

Abstract: Existing research indicates that loneliness can lead to negative outcomes such as depression and anxiety (United States Department of Health and Human Services, 2023). When examining the role sleep plays in this relationship, research has shown that an increase in sleep quality is related to a decrease in levels of loneliness (Hladek, 2021). In addition, we examined the relationship between depression and life satisfaction, with the variable gratitude serving as a mediator to that relationship. Previous research has indicated that higher levels of gratitude negatively effects levels of depression (Wood et al., 2008). In previous research, as levels of depression began to decrease, life satisfaction levels increased with hope and gratitude both serving as mediators (Kwok, 2016). However, within our study we are focusing our research on emerging adults and focusing solely on gratitude to evaluate a mediated relationship. Within our study, emerging adult college students (N= 46) took a Qualtrics survey that measured: demographics and levels of life satisfaction, gratitude, loneliness, and sleep quality. Results indicated that higher levels of loneliness did not significantly predict lower levels of life satisfaction, considering sleep quality as a mediator. However, there was a significant indirect effect of depression on life satisfaction via gratitude as a mediator, b = -0.237, boot SE = 0.094, 95% bootstrap CI [-0.432, -0.071]. These results indicate that lower levels of gratitude can be attributed as a reason why high depression leads to lower life satisfaction, and further suggests that improving gratitude may be necessary to combat the negative effects of depression on life satisfaction in the emerging adult population

Expanded stability of layered SnSe-PbSe alloys and evidence of displacive phase transformation from rocksalt in heteroepitaxial thin films

Bulk PbSnSe has a two-phase region or miscibility gap as the crystal changes from a Van der Waals-bonded orthorhombic 2D layered structure in SnSe-rich compositions to the related 3D-bonded rocksalt structure in PbSe-rich compositions with large contrast in the electrical, optical, and thermal properties across this transition. With an aim to understand and harness this transition in thin films devices, we epitaxially integrate PbSnSe on GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy using an in-situ PbSe surface treatment and show a significantly reduced two-phase region by stabilizing the Pnma layered structure out to Pb$_{0.45}$Sn$_{0.55}$Se, beyond the bulk-limit of Pb$_{0.25}$Sn$_{0.75}$Se. Pushing further, we directly access metastable two-phase epitaxial films of layered and rocksalt grains that are nearly identical in composition around Pb$_{0.5}$Sn$_{0.5}$Se and entirely circumvent the miscibility gap. We present microstructural evidence for an incomplete displacive transformation from rocksalt to layered structure in these films that we speculate occurs during the sample cool down to room temperature after synthesis. In-situ x-ray diffraction measurement of an as-grown Pb$_{0.56}$Sn$_{0.44}$Se rocksalt film under cryogenic cooling reproduces the key attributes of this transition and validates our hypothesis. Notably, we find well-defined orientation relationships between the phases forming in the process and unconventional strain-relief mechanisms involved in the crystal structure transformation by transmission electron microscopy. Overall, our work adds a scalable thin film integration route to harnessing metastable layered compositions as well as the dramatic contrast in material properties in PbSnSe across a potentially ultrafast structural transition.Comment: 26 pages, 10 figure

A workbook of stories and selected exercises for boys of sixth grade interests and second grade reading ability

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

Antioxidant activity of Dianthus chinensis L. flowers processed by ionizing radiation

Edible flowers are increasingly used in culinary preparations, which require new approaches to improve their conservation and safety. Irradiation treatment is safe and an effective alternative for food conservation, guaranteeing food quality, increasing shelf-life and disinfestation. This technology offers a versatile way to get good quality food while reducing post-harvest losses. Dianthus chinensis L. flowers, popularly known as Chinese pink, are widely used in culinary preparations, being also acknowledged for their bioactive components and antioxidant properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of D. chinensis flowers submitted to electron beam and gamma irradiation at 0, 0.5, 0.8 and 1 kGy. The antioxidant properties were evaluated through the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, reducing power and β-carotene bleaching inhibition assays. Total phenolics were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The antioxidant activity was higher for irradiated samples, especially those treated with 0.5 and 0.8 kGy, independently of the radiation source, which showed the highest capacity to inhibit β-carotene bleaching inhibition. Accordingly, the applied irradiation treatments seemed to represent feasible technology to preserve the quality of edible flower petals, being able to improve the antioxidant activityThe authors are grateful to CNEN, CAPES, CNPq and IPEN-CNEN/SP for financial support. The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2013). This research is included in a Bilateral action CNPq -FCT, Brazil/Portugal 2014.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Antioxidant activity of Dianthus chinensis flowers processed by ionizing radiation

Edible flowers are increasingly used in culinary preparations, which require new approaches to improve their conservation and safety. Irradiation treatment is safe and an effective alternative for food conservation. Indeed, it can also guarantee food quality, increasing shelf-life and disinfestation of it. This technology gives us a versa-tile way to get good quality food, reducing post-harvest losses. Dianthus chinensis flowers, popularly known as Chinese pink, are widely used in culinary preparations, being also acknowledged for their bioactive components and antioxidant properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of D. chinensis flowers submitted to electron beam and gamma irradiation at 0, 0.5, 0.8 and 1 kGy. The antioxidant properties were evaluated through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, reducing power and β-carotene bleaching inhibition assays. Total phenolics were also determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The antioxidant activity was higher for irradiated samples, especially those treated with 0.8 and 1 kGy, independent-ly of the radiation source, which showed the highest capacity to inhibit β-carotene bleaching. Accordingly, the applied irradiation treatments seemed to represent feasible technology to preserve the quality of edible flower petals, being able to improve the antioxidant activity.The authors are grateful to CNEN, CAPES, CNPq and IPEN-CNEN/SP for financial support. The Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support to CIMO (strategic project PEst-OE/AGR/UI0690/2014). This research is included in a Bilateral action CNPq -FCT, Brazil/Portugal 2014.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Implementation and impacts of virtual team-based care planning for older persons in formal care settings: A scoping review

Objective: This scoping review aimed to summarize current knowledge about the implementation, impacts, facilitators and barriers of virtual team-based care planning for older persons in formal care settings (e.g. home and community, primary, long-term and acute care). Methods: The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology was used. The Arksey and O’Malley and Levac, Colquhoun, and O’Brien methodologies provided additional frameworks. Databases accessed included PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, AgeLine, PsycInfo and Scopus. Reference lists of selected articles and grey literature retrieved through Google and Google Scholar were also reviewed. Three researchers screened titles, abstracts and conducted full-text reviews. Extracted data were mapped in a table and analysed for summative themes. Older persons and family partners assisted in interpreting findings based on their lived experiences. Results: A total of 27 studies were included. Virtual team-based care planning led to many positive outcomes for older persons (e.g. decreased depression, reduced falls and improved medication management) and their families (e.g. reduced caregiver stress and improved caregiving skills). Only four studies reported the involvement of older persons and/or families in virtual team-based care planning. Multiple barriers to adopting virtual team-based care planning were found including lack of education/training for older persons and families in using technology. Conclusion: Despite the multiple advantages that virtual team-based care planning offers for older persons and families, it is important to ensure that this care can be offered to all. There is a need to ensure that health equity is addressed to promote access to care and respond to social determinants of health