Profil Release Enkapsulasi Antosianin, Flavonoid dan Fenolik pada Kulit Semangka Menggunakan Metode Spray Drying

Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta merupakan salah satu daerah yang memiliki potensi bencana alam yang cukup tinggi. Makanan adalah bahan habis pakai yang paling dibutuhkan saat bencana alam terjadi. Untuk menjaga makanan bergizi yang akan didistribusikan ke korban bencana alam tetap layak untuk dimakan, diperlukan suatu adanya alternatif berupa pengawet alami makanan. Dalam penelitian ini, dipilih kulit semangka sebagai bahan untuk membuat pengawet alami karena mengandung flavonoid dan antosianin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui banyaknya kandungan total antosianin, flavonoid dan fenolik pada kulit semangka merah serta mengetahui pengaruh komposisi kitosan terhadap kemampuan pelepasan antosianin, flavonoid dan fenolik pada makanan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi dan enkapsulasi. Pada proses enkapsulasi digunakan teknik spray drying. Analisa yang dilakukan antara lain pengujian analisis kandungan Total Antosianin (TA), Total Flavonoid (TF) dan Total Fenolik (TPC) di dalam supernatant, serta analisa uji in vitro (uji kemampuan pelepasan flavonoid dan fenolik) pada makanan. Kandungan total antosianin pada kulit semangka merah sebesar 0,1113 mg/L. Kandungan total flavonoid pada kulit semangka merah sebesar 0,6159 g/mL. Kandungan total fenolik kulit semangka merah sebesar 0,3410 g/mL. Pada uji in vitro untuk senyawa flavonoid maupun fenolik, terjadi ketidakstabilan pelepasan kadar flavonoid dan fenolik terhadap waktu pada variasi kitosan 0,4 gram, 0,5 gram, dan 0,6 gram. Namun dari hasil rata-rata pelepasan kadar flavonoid dan fenolik, yang paling tinggi terjadi pada variasi kitosan 0,6 gram, dengan masing-masing nilai yaitu untuk flavonoid 0,1172 gram/mL dan untuk fenolik 0,0867 gram/mL. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi kadar kitosan, maka pelepasan kadar flavonoid dan fenolik juga meningkat

INVASION OF SATURATED VAPOR COCONUT SHELL THE TRANSITION OBAT MERAH TO LIQUID SMOKE COCONUT SHELL AS SOLUTIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF WOUND OUTSIDE

Coconut shell is a waste generated from the use of coconut itself. Utilization of liquid smoke coconut shell that is not widely known by the public is the content of phenols that can inhibit the growth of bacteria / fungi and can be used in the treatment of external injury. Liquid Smoke is obtained from pyrolysis of coconut shell after heating at temperature variation 300oC, 400oC and 500oC. The result of liquid smoke from pyrolysis is then purified by distillation method with temperature variation 80-100 and 100-110oC for each pyrolysis temperature. After obtaining pure liquid smoke was tested using GC-MS, antibacterial test between liquid smoke and red medicine using Staphylococcus aureus bacteria by diffusion method. It is known from the optimum GC-MS phenol results at 400oC pyrolysis temperature with distillation temperature 100-110 and its content of 13.55%. In antibacterial tests known antibiotic efficacy associated with growth inhibition zone, the larger the diameter, the greater the potential of the antibiotic sample. The widest diameter of 15.6 mm contained at 400oC pyrolysis temperature with distillation temperature 100-110oC while on the red diameter of smaller diameter of 10.0 mm. The results showed that the content of phenol in liquid smoke from coconut shells acts as a substitute for the use of red medication, because of its high antimicrobial potential associated with the treatment of infectious diseases such as blisters and ulcers. This is an alternative solution that is easy to manufacture and does not cost a lot

Characteristic of ascorbic acid in crosslinked chitosan edible film as drug delivery system membrane

Chitosan is a polysaccharide compound in the form of a linear polysaccharide consisting of N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) and D-glucosamine (GlcN) monomer, which is a derivative of deacetylization of chitin polymer. Chitin is one of common type of polysaccharide on earth after the excess cellulose from inveterbrata skeletons. Chitosan has anti-microbial properties. Based on this properties, chitosan is potentially used to be an edible film as drug delivery system membrane. Edible film was made by dissolving chitosan in 100 mL acetic acid 1%, then the plasticizer and crosslinker was added while heated at 60° C. It was molded and dried in oven at 50°C for 48 hours. Drug loading in the edible film could be controlled by remodeling membrane characteristics in the presence of crosslinker additions. The purpose of this study was to estimate the mass transfer coefficient (kCa) of drug loading in various concentrations of ascorbic acid in the edible film. The characteristics of ascorbic acid in chitosan edible film could be seen from the number of drugs that could be loaded through the uv-vis spectrophotometric analysis. The higher concentration of ascorbic acid was added, the drug would be loaded more into edible film

Characteristic of ascorbic acid in crosslinked chitosan edible film as drug delivery system membrane

Chitosan is a polysaccharide compound in the form of a linear polysaccharide consisting of N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) and D-glucosamine (GlcN) monomer, which is a derivative of deacetylization of chitin polymer. Chitin is one of common type of polysaccharide on earth after the excess cellulose from inveterbrata skeletons. Chitosan has anti-microbial properties. Based on this properties, chitosan is potentially used to be an edible film as drug delivery system membrane. Edible film was made by dissolving chitosan in 100 mL acetic acid 1%, then the plasticizer and crosslinker was added while heated at 60° C. It was molded and dried in oven at 50°C for 48 hours. Drug loading in the edible film could be controlled by remodeling membrane characteristics in the presence of crosslinker additions. The purpose of this study was to estimate the mass transfer coefficient (kCa) of drug loading in various concentrations of ascorbic acid in the edible film. The characteristics of ascorbic acid in chitosan edible film could be seen from the number of drugs that could be loaded through the uv-vis spectrophotometric analysis. The higher concentration of ascorbic acid was added, the drug would be loaded more into edible film

Effect of Na 2

Chitosan is a type of carbohydrate compounds produced from waste marine products, in particular the class of shrimp, crabs and clams. Chitosan is often process into edible films and utilized for food packaging also has potential as a membrane for drug delivery system. Drug loading and drug release can be controlled by improve the characteristics of the membrane by adding crosslinker. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of addition of crosslinker to the rate of loading and release of ascorbic acid in the chitosan edible film. Na2SO3 was used as crosslinker. Two grams of chitosan was dissolved into 100 ml of distilled water. Acetic acid and plasticizer were added in the solution then heated at 50°C. Na2SO3 solution with mass various of Na2SO3 dissolved, 01026 0.3; and 0.5 grams were added about 30 mL to make edible film. The analysis include of drug loading, drug release and tensile strength. The result showed that the loading of edible film with crosslinker 0.15 g; 0.3 g; and 0.5 g respectively were 60.98 ppm; 52.53 ppm; and 40.88 ppm, meanwhile for the release with crosslinker 0.15 g; 0.3 g; and 0.5 g respectively were 3.78 ppm; 5.72 ppm; and 5.97 ppm

Effect of Na2SO3 concentration to drug loading and drug release of ascorbic acid in chitosan edible film as drug delivery system membrane

Chitosan is a type of carbohydrate compounds produced from waste marine products, in particular the class of shrimp, crabs and clams. Chitosan is often process into edible films and utilized for food packaging also has potential as a membrane for drug delivery system. Drug loading and drug release can be controlled by improve the characteristics of the membrane by adding crosslinker. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of addition of crosslinker to the rate of loading and release of ascorbic acid in the chitosan edible film. Na2SO3 was used as crosslinker. Two grams of chitosan was dissolved into 100 ml of distilled water. Acetic acid and plasticizer were added in the solution then heated at 50°C. Na2SO3 solution with mass various of Na2SO3 dissolved, 01026 0.3; and 0.5 grams were added about 30 mL to make edible film. The analysis include of drug loading, drug release and tensile strength. The result showed that the loading of edible film with crosslinker 0.15 g; 0.3 g; and 0.5 g respectively were 60.98 ppm; 52.53 ppm; and 40.88 ppm, meanwhile for the release with crosslinker 0.15 g; 0.3 g; and 0.5 g respectively were 3.78 ppm; 5.72 ppm; and 5.97 ppm

Effect of Na

Chitosan is a type of carbohydrate compounds produced from waste marine products, in particular the class of shrimp, crabs and clams. Chitosan is often process into edible films and utilized for food packaging also has potential as a membrane for drug delivery system. Drug loading and drug release can be controlled by improve the characteristics of the membrane by adding crosslinker. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of addition of crosslinker to the rate of loading and release of ascorbic acid in the chitosan edible film. Na2SO3 was used as crosslinker. Two grams of chitosan was dissolved into 100 ml of distilled water. Acetic acid and plasticizer were added in the solution then heated at 50°C. Na2SO3 solution with mass various of Na2SO3 dissolved, 01026 0.3; and 0.5 grams were added about 30 mL to make edible film. The analysis include of drug loading, drug release and tensile strength. The result showed that the loading of edible film with crosslinker 0.15 g; 0.3 g; and 0.5 g respectively were 60.98 ppm; 52.53 ppm; and 40.88 ppm, meanwhile for the release with crosslinker 0.15 g; 0.3 g; and 0.5 g respectively were 3.78 ppm; 5.72 ppm; and 5.97 ppm

Friction Optimization of Talc Powder-Reinforced Elastomers for Prosthetic Foot Application

Patients with lower limb amputation usually use prosthetic feet. Elastomeric material is an important part of prosthetic feet since it can determine their safety and lifetime. The elastomeric material should have high friction for safety, and at the same time it should have low wear for a longer lifetime. This research is aimed to study the optimum formulation of talc-powder-reinforced silicone elastomer to obtain high friction during sliding contact. The Taguchi orthogonal array L9 formula is used to achieve the aforementioned goal. The experiments use multiple parameters, namely, the type of silicone, the type of surface texture, the amount of catalyst, and the amount of talc powder. The results show that the combination of RTV 683, a smooth texture, 4% of catalyst, and 60% of talc powder is the most optimum composition to obtain the highest frictional force. It has a higher friction force in comparison with the imported products, and, at the same time, it has comparable wear with the imported products. The hardness of the optimized materials is comparable with the imported products. However, the tensile and tear strengths of the optimized materials need to be improved