Legislación para el uso de animales de laboratorio en Costa Rica

Los animales de laboratorio se usan como análogos a las enfermedades humanas, tanto en gnotobiología, investigación dental, embriología y teratología, oncología, gerontología, investigación cardiovascular, inmunología, parasitología, virología, nutrición, genética y farmacología. Aunque en Costa Rica, la ciencia de animales de laboratorio es apenas incipiente, no existe información sobre los animales, la cantidad y para qué deberían de usarse. En Costa Rica rige desde el 13 de diciembre de 1994 la “Ley de Bienestar de los Animales”, pero sin embargo esta Ley deja sin definir importantes aspectos técnicos y de control del uso de los animales de experimentación. Debería de existir un manual de referencia, aprobado por una Autoridad Nacional competente, sobre el manejo y uso de animales de laboratorio y, principalmente, cursos sobre ética y técnica del uso de este reactivo biológico dirigido a los investigadores. La legislación sobre el uso de animales de laboratorio en algunos países como los Estdos Unidos, Inglaterra, Canadá, Suecia, Colombia, Australia y Alemania son más estrictas. Sin embargo en Costa Rica desde 1992 se presentó un proyecto de Ley que pretendía regular los derechos de los animales proclamados en la Declaración Universal de los derechos del animal, pero en la actualidad se encuentra archivado. Sin embargo en 1993 fue publicado en la Gaceta Nº 242 del 20 de diciembre de 1993 el proyecto “Ley de Bienestar y Etiología de los Animales”, que no tiene ningún antecedente directo en realción al uso de animales de laboratorio en Costa Rica pero desarrolla el marco jurídico de la Declaración Universal de los Derechos del Animal, proclamada por las Ligas Nacionales afiliadas a la ONU y aun no suscrita por Costa Rica.Laboratory animals are used like analogs to the human diseases, just as much in gnotobiology, dental investigation, embriology and teratology, oncology, gerontology, cardiovascular investigation, inmunology, parasitology, virology, nutrition, genetics and pharmacology. Even though in Costa Rica, the science of laboratory animals is barely incipient, there is no existing information about animals, the quantity and what are they supposed to be used to. Since december 13th. 1994 a law was imposed in Costa Rica, the law is called “Law of animals welfare”, however has left undefined important technical aspects and the experimental use of animales. There should be a reference manual, approved by a competent National Authority, about the handling and use of laboratory animals and mainly courses about ethics and techniques of the uses of this biologic reagent directed to the investigators. The legislature about the use of animals of laboratory in some countries like the United States, England, Canada, Switzerland, Colombia, Australia and Germany are more estrict. However, since 1992, in Costa Rica soil there was presented a bill that intented to regulate the animals rights proclaimed in the Universal Declaration of Animal rights, but nowadays is found archivated. However in 1993 was published in “La Gaceta” N° 242 on December 20th the bill called “Law of Welfare and Etiology of the animals”, has no direct record to the highlight to the use of laboratory animals in Costa Rica but develops the juridic frame of the Universal Declaration of Animal rights, proclaimed by the National Leagues afiliated to the ONU and yet not suscrited in Costa Rica.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Medicina::Escuela de Medicin

Actividad farmacológica del extracto acuoso de la madera de Quassia amara (Simarubaceae) en ratas y ratones albinos

All the assays were done with an aqueous preparation of dry wood from Quassia amara (Simarubaceae). For the hippocratic assay, 12 female SDN rats were used, with an average weight of 144 g and separated in three groups of four individuals each. The dose used were 500 mglkg and 1 000 mglkg and the control group received 0.5 mi of destilIed water. The extraet administration and the observation of the animals were done daily during nine days. Acute toxicity of the preparation was studied with 25 male NGP mice with an average weight of 20.13 g, in groups of five individuals per dose. The oral administration was carry out with the following doses: 250, 500, 750 and 1 000 mglkg, the control group received 0.5 mi of destilled water. No sigu of acute toxicity was observed at any dose. For the toxicity analysis via intraperitoneal inyeetion 15 male NGP mice were assigned to five groups (5 animals each) with doses of 500 and 1 000 mglkg and a control group with 0.5 mI of destilled water. The group with the dose of 500 mglkg, presented acute toxicity signs with a 24 hr recovery, and the 1 000 mglkg dose was letal to a 100% within 24 hr. The measuring of the peristaltie activity (movement of the intestinal content) were performed on 30 NGP male miee with an average weight of 22 g assigued to three groups of ten individual s each. One dose of 500 mglkg and 1 000 mglkg were orally adnñnistrated to each experimental group and 0.5 ml of destilled water to the control group. The marker used was activated carbon, orally supplied to every mice 30 min after the administration of the aqueous extract. The animals are decapitated and the measurement of the carbon motion in the small intestine was done after 30 min. Both dose increased the intestinal movement compared to the control group, but only the . 1 000 mglkg dose showed a statistically significant difference (p :S;O .05).AH the assays were done with an aqueous preparation of dry wood from Quassia amara (Simarubaceae). For the hippocratic assay, 12 female SDN rats were used, with an average weight of 144 g and separated in three groups of four individuals each. The dose used were 500 mglkg and 1 000 mglkg and the control group received 0.5 mi of destilIed water. The extraet administration and the observation of the animals were done daily during nine days. Acute toxicity of the preparation was studied with 25 male NGP mice with an average weight of 20.13 g, in groups of five individuals per dose. The oral administration was carry out with the following doses: 250, 500, 750 and 1 000 mglkg, the control group received 0.5 mi of destilled water. No sigu of acute toxicity was observed at any dose. For the toxicity analysis via intraperitoneal inyeetion 15 male NGP mice were assigned to five groups (5 animals each) with doses of 500 and 1 000 mglkg and a control group with 0.5 mI of destilled water. The group with the dose of 500 mglkg, presented acute toxicity signs with a 24 hr recovery, and the 1 000 mglkg dose was letal to a 100% within 24 hr. The measuring of the peristaltie activity (movement of the intestinal content) were performed on 30 NGP male miee with an average weight of 22 g assigued to three groups of ten individual s each. One dose of 500 mglkg and 1 000 mglkg were orally adnñnistrated to each experimental group and 0.5 ml of destilled water to the control group. The marker used was activated carbon, orally supplied to every mice 30 min after the administration of the aqueous extract. The animals are decapitated and the measurement of the carbon motion in the small intestine was done after 30 min. Both dose increased the intestinal movement compared to the control group, but only the . 1 000 mglkg dose showed a statistically significant difference (p :S;O .05)

Subchronic and acute preclinic toxicity and some pharmacological effects of the water extract from leaves of Petiveria alliacea (Phytolaccaceae)

We tested the effects of the aqueous extract of Petiveria alliacea leaves on acute and sub-chronic toxicity, hematocrit and blood glucose level and intestinal motility of male albino NGP mice of 20 to 25 g mean weight. Treatments were in all cases doses of 1 000 and 2 000 mg/kg animal weight and a control treatment with 0.5 ml distilled water, using 10 animals per treatment and administered orally every day (5 days per week). Experimental periods were 18 and 70 days for acute and sub chronic toxicity, respectively. No mortality nor any toxicity signs could be observed. A slight but significant increase in the glucose levels during the first three weeks was observed with the 1 000 mg/kg dose but not for the higher 2 000 mg/kg dose. After administering the doses once after a starving period of six hours, no significant differences in intestinal motility could be found

Toxicidad sub-crónica y prueba de irritabilidad ocular del extracto acuoso de las hojas de Plantago major (Plantaginaceae)

Se utilizaron 20 ratones albinos de la cepa NGP, machos, distribuidos en dos grupos de diez ratones cada uno con peso promedio de 20.15 ± 0.059 g los animales que recibieron el tratamiento (2000 mg/kg) y de 21.62 ± 0.03 g los animales que recibieron el control (0.5 ml de agua desionizada). Todos los tratamientos fueron administrados diariamente durante 5 días consecutivos por semana durante un período total de 40 días. No se presentó mortalidad con la dosis administrada por vía oral, sin embargo los animales presentaron disminución del reflejo de enderezamiento, de la actividad prensil anterior y posterior y de la reacción de alarma. Para la prueba de irritabilidad ocular se utilizaron 5 conejos de la cepa New Zeland, machos con peso promedio de 3.640 Kg. Se inoculó el ojo derecho con 200 μl del preparado acuoso (100 mg/ml) y el ojo izquierdo se instiló con 200 μl de agua destilada. La inoculación se realizó diariamente por un periodo de 5 días consecutivos, no se observó ninguna manifestación de irritabilidad ocular en el ojo de los conejos.For the sub-chronic toxicity an aqueous preparation of Plantago major leaves was tested in 20 male NGP mice, with an average weight of 20.15 g and separated in two groups of ten individuals each. The dose used was 2000 mg/kg and the control group received 0.5 ml of distilled water. The extract administration was done daily during five days at week for a total period of 40 days. Signs of sub-chronic toxicity were observed in the days two and 12 of treatment. No significant change in corporal weight was observed. The ocular irritation was tested in five New Zeland male rabbits, with an average weight of 3.640 kg. The dose used was a 200 μl the preparation (100 mg/ml) of Plantago major leaves, instill into the right eye and the control was used the left eye instill 200 μl of distilled water. The administration was done daily during five days. The extract shows no significant irritation during the observation period