Shares of the search for respiratory symptoms of tuberculosis according to the professionals' view of a Family Health Unit

Analyze in accordance with the professional's view of a Family Health Team the practice of Search for respiratory symptoms of Tuberculosis in daily activities identifying difficulties in developing this action. Qualitative, with content analysis, thematic, through semi-structured interviews applied to five professionals that form a family health team of a health unit (clinic) in a medium-sized city in southern Brazil. The statements reveal that shares of the search for respiratory symptoms of tuberculosis have the community as the main scenario and the Family Health Strategy has the potential to intensify actions to control TB in this medium. The role of the Community Health Agent is deployed in these shares and also the insecurity of health professionals with the risk of contagion of the disease. The search for respiratory symptoms of TB is a program developed by the professionals of the FHS. However, difficulties are identified in the continuity of health care necessary to diagnose the disease because of quantitative weaknesses (lack of human resources) and qualitative (unprepared professionals) with implications for tuberculosis contro

Ações de busca de sintomáticos respiratórios de tuberculose na visão dos profissionais de uma unidade saúde da família

O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar na visão dos profissionais de uma Equipe Saúde da Família a prática da Busca dos Sintomáticos Respiratórios (BSR) da Tuberculose (TB) em suas atividades diárias identificando dificuldade no desenvolvimento desta ação. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, a análise foi de conteúdo, modalidade temática, por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas aplicadas a 5 profissionais que conformam uma equipe de saúde da família de uma unidade de saúde de um município de médio porte no sul do Brasil. Os depoimentos revelam que as ações de BSR têm como cenário principal a comunidade e que Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), tem potencial para intensificar as ações de controle da TB neste meio. Destaca-se o protagonismo do Agente Comunitário de Saúde (ACS) nestas ações e a insegurança do profissional de saúde diante do risco de contagio da doença. A BSR é uma ação desenvolvida pelos profissionais da ESF. Contudo, identificam-se dificuldades na continuidade das ações de saúde necessárias ao diagnóstico da doença devido às fragilidades quantitativas (falta de recursos humanos) e qualitativas (despreparo dos profissionais) com implicações para controle da tuberculose

Polymeric Delivery Systems as a Potential Vaccine against Visceral Leishmaniasis: Formulation Development and Immunogenicity

Recent studies suggest that the association of antigens in microparticles increases the anti-Leishmania vaccine immunogenicity. This study aims to investigate the in situ effect of the adjuvant performance consisting of chitosan-coated poly(D,L-lactic) acid submicrometric particles (SMP) and analyze the inflammatory profile and toxicity. Two formulations were selected, SMP1, containing poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA) 1% wt/v and chitosan 1% wt/v; and SMP2, containing PLA 5% wt/v and chitosan 5% wt/v. After a single dose of the unloaded SMP1 or SMP2 in mice, the SMPs promoted cell recruitment without tissue damage. In addition, besides the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity having demonstrated similar results among the analyzed groups, a progressive reduction in the levels of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) until 72 h was observed for SMPs. While IL-6 levels were similar among all the analyzed groups along the kinetics, only the SMPs groups had detectable levels of TNF-α. Additionally, the Leishmania braziliensis antigen was encapsulated in SMPs (SMP1Ag and SMP2Ag), and mice were vaccinated with three doses. The immunogenicity analysis by flow cytometry demonstrated a reduction in NK (CD3−CD49+) cells in all the SMPs groups, in addition to impairment in the T cells subsets (CD3+CD4+) and CD3+CD8+) and B cells (CD19+) of the SMP2 group. The resulting data demonstrate that the chitosan-coated SMP formulations stimulate the early events of an innate immune response, suggesting their ability to increase the immunogenicity of co-administered Leishmania antigens