Some applications of galvanic manufacture waste

In the work various directions of use of galvanic manufacture waste have been investigated. As a result of their analysis and experimental data the conclusion is drawn on impossible application of sewage deposits of galvanic manufacture as the additive for concrete mixes making due to their ecological danger. However, the given sewage deposits can be used in manufacture of a ceramic brick and colour glaze under condition of the obligatory ecological control of finished products. It is preferable to apply these deposits for colour glazed coverings as it is possible to substitute pigments by manufacture waste. It is also perspective to extract metals from sewage deposits of galvanic manufacture. Realization of the named directions will allow us to turn the given waste into valuable secondary raw materials, to expand an industry raw-material base, to lower negative influence on environment

Inventory of galvanic sludge and deposits of the treatment facilities formed at the enterprises of the republic of Belarus

The article presents the results of inventory of galvanic sludge and deposits of the treatment facilities, formed at the enterprises of The Republic of Belarus. The analysis of the presented information has revealed that, despite an existing system of the account of wastes, formed at the enterprises, there is a discrepancy of the declared kind of waste and the actually stored one at the industrial object’s territory. It is connected, first of all, with the long period of accumulation and storage of wastes of galvanic manufacture, during which there occurred a work reprofiling at the enterprise, a change of technological processes of galvanic manufacture, a change of the proprietor, a loss of documents and etc. Besides, while storing of sludge and deposits of galvanic manufacture sewage, there often occurs their predrying that changes mass of a waste. Such state of affairs causes the necessity of detailed inventory of the accumulated wastes, more precise definition of its structure and quantit

Baby MIND Experiment Construction Status

Baby MIND is a magnetized iron neutrino detector, with novel design features, and is planned to serve as a downstream magnetized muon spectrometer for the WAGASCI experiment on the T2K neutrino beam line in Japan. One of the main goals of this experiment is to reduce systematic uncertainties relevant to CP-violation searches, by measuring the neutrino contamination in the anti-neutrino beam mode of T2K. Baby MIND is currently being constructed at CERN, and is planned to be operational in Japan in October 2017.Comment: Poster presented at NuPhys2016 (London, 12-14 December 2016). 4 pages, LaTeX, 7 figure

Synchronization of the Distributed Readout Frontend Electronics of the Baby MIND Detector

Baby MIND is a new downstream muon range detector for the WGASCI experiment. This article discusses the distributed readout system and its timing requirements. The paper presents the design of the synchronization subsystem and the results of its test

Baby MIND: A magnetised spectrometer for the WAGASCI experiment

The WAGASCI experiment being built at the J-PARC neutrino beam line will measure the difference in cross sections from neutrinos interacting with a water and scintillator targets, in order to constrain neutrino cross sections, essential for the T2K neutrino oscillation measurements. A prototype Magnetised Iron Neutrino Detector (MIND), called Baby MIND, is being constructed at CERN to act as a magnetic spectrometer behind the main WAGASCI target to be able to measure the charge and momentum of the outgoing muon from neutrino charged current interactions.Comment: Poster presented at NuPhys2016 (London, 12-14 December 2016). Title + 4 pages, LaTeX, 6 figure

The melanoma-specific graded prognostic assessment does not adequately discriminate prognosis in a modern population with brain metastases from malignant melanoma

The melanoma-specific graded prognostic assessment (msGPA) assigns patients with brain metastases from malignant melanoma to 1 of 4 prognostic groups. It was largely derived using clinical data from patients treated in the era that preceded the development of newer therapies such as BRAF, MEK and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Therefore, its current relevance to patients diagnosed with brain metastases from malignant melanoma is unclear. This study is an external validation of the msGPA in two temporally distinct British populations.Performance of the msGPA was assessed in Cohort I (1997-2008, n=231) and Cohort II (2008-2013, n=162) using Kaplan-Meier methods and Harrell's c-index of concordance. Cox regression was used to explore additional factors that may have prognostic relevance.The msGPA does not perform well as a prognostic score outside of the derivation cohort, with suboptimal statistical calibration and discrimination, particularly in those patients with an intermediate prognosis. Extra-cerebral metastases, leptomeningeal disease, age and potential use of novel targeted agents after brain metastases are diagnosed, should be incorporated into future prognostic models.An improved prognostic score is required to underpin high-quality randomised controlled trials in an area with a wide disparity in clinical care

Baby MIND: A magnetized segmented neutrino detector for the WAGASCI experiment

T2K (Tokai-to-Kamioka) is a long-baseline neutrino experiment in Japan designed to study various parameters of neutrino oscillations. A near detector complex (ND280) is located 280~m downstream of the production target and measures neutrino beam parameters before any oscillations occur. ND280's measurements are used to predict the number and spectra of neutrinos in the Super-Kamiokande detector at the distance of 295~km. The difference in the target material between the far (water) and near (scintillator, hydrocarbon) detectors leads to the main non-cancelling systematic uncertainty for the oscillation analysis. In order to reduce this uncertainty a new WAter-Grid-And-SCintillator detector (WAGASCI) has been developed. A magnetized iron neutrino detector (Baby MIND) will be used to measure momentum and charge identification of the outgoing muons from charged current interactions. The Baby MIND modules are composed of magnetized iron plates and long plastic scintillator bars read out at the both ends with wavelength shifting fibers and silicon photomultipliers. The front-end electronics board has been developed to perform the readout and digitization of the signals from the scintillator bars. Detector elements were tested with cosmic rays and in the PS beam at CERN. The obtained results are presented in this paper.Comment: In new version: modified both plots of Fig.1 and added one sentence in the introduction part explaining Baby MIND role in WAGASCI experiment, added information for the affiliation

Romanticization and Demonization: Galician Landscapes in Russian Combatants’ Narratives During the Great War

The article was submitted on 02.05.2022.Первая мировая война является одной из решающих цезур антропоцена, когда тип военных действий и развал империй усилили деструктивный характер взаимодействий человека и природы, изменили геологический и культурный облик ландшафтов Центральной и Восточной Европы. Столкновение армий Первой мировой войны с чужеродными ландшафтами и милитаризированной окружающей средой оставило яркий след в источниках личного происхождения. Образ природы как неконтролируемой силы и объекта воздействия проходит через широкий спектр текстовых и визуальных источников: от ведомственной документации до личной переписки, от пропагандистской кинохроники до частных фотографий. Образы уничтоженных или преображенных в ходе войны ландшафтов, исходящие от них эпидемиологические и климатические угрозы выступали в качестве фактора формирования экзистенциального опыта комбатантов в той же степени, что и реальные кратковременные сражения. На фоне универсализации опыта стран Западного фронта в существующих исследованиях по экологической и пространственной истории Великой войны специфика переживания и рецепции маневренных беллигеративных ландшафтов Восточного фронта остается лакуной источникового и методологического плана. Статья посвящена изучению горизонтов ожидания и приемов конструирования окружающей среды в индивидуальных нарративах комбатантов, значения беллигеративных ландшафтов в формировании специфических поведенческих стратегий и практик на Восточном фронте первой индустриальной войны. На основе анализа эго-документов определяется спектр моделей антропоморфизации объектов и явлений окружающей среды в оккупированной Галиции от их романтизации до демонизации. В центре изучения находится восприятие беллигеративных ландшафтов в зависимости от культурного багажа, предшествующего военного опыта, принадлежности к роду войск, плотности контактов с гражданскими лицами, населяющими милитаризированные пространства. Одним из ключевых тезисов является предположение, что означивание военизированной окружающей среды через литературные, эпидемиологические, антисемитские и т. п. призмы способствовало нормализации смертельного ужаса войны, негативного боевого опыта, траура и ностальгии по утратам.In terms of environmental history, the First World War represents one of the most significant information gaps of the Anthropocene, where the type of warfare and the fall of empires intensified the destructiveness of the interaction between people and nature, changing the geological and cultural characteristics of Central and Eastern European landscapes. The collision of mass armies with foreign landscapes and militarized natural environments left an indelible stamp on personal accounts of the Great War. The imagery of nature, both as an uncontrollable force and as an object of impact, abounds in a broad diversity of textual and visual sources, which range from official documentation to private correspondence and from propaganda newsreels to personal photographs. It appears that pictures of landscapes destroyed or transformed by war (as well as the related epidemiological and climatic threats) contributed to shaping combatants’ existential experience to the same degree as short military operations. Unlike the universalized experience of the Western Front countries in the available literature on the environmental and spatial history of the First World War, the multiple ways in which mobile belligerent landscapes of the Eastern Front were experienced and perceived are yet to be addressed documentarily as well as methodologically. The article aims to reconstruct the horizons of expectation and environment construction strategies in combatants’ individual narratives and to identify the meaning of belligerent landscapes in the formation of specific behavioral strategies and practices on the Eastern Front of the world’s first industrial war. The analysis of ego-documents (letters, diaries, and memoirs) left by participants of WWI has identified a diversity of models for anthropomorphizing environmental objects and phenomena on the Eastern Front, which range from romanticization to demonization. The author aims to establish the way the perception of belligerent landscapes depends on the cultural baggage, prior experience of warfare, military branch, and the density of contacts with civilians populating the militarized spaces. One of the key messages of this study is the suggestion that the militarised environment’s signification through religious, literary, epidemiological anti-Semitic and other lenses contributed to the normalization of combatants’ mortal terror of war, their negative military experience, mourning, and nostalgia for the lost life-worlds.The research for this chapter was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) according to the research project 21-59-14003 “Great War and the Anthropocene: ‘Imperial Debris’ and Environmental Change in Central-Eastern Europe”

Militarized environment in narratives and practices of Russian medical personnel of the First World War

Based on the analysis of individual narratives and expert materials created by Russian doctors and nurses of mercy during the occupation of Galicia in the First World War, the article intends to reconstruct the models of perception of the hostile environment and the practice of its mastering by medical personnel. The appeal to ego-documents allows revealing little-studied aspects of the interaction between man and nature in the conditions of the first industrial war. On the one hand, natural conditions were the most important factor in the activities of doctors and nurses of mercy: the peculiarities of climate, soil and water determined the activities on medical support of the front, occupied regions and frontline territory. On the other hand, epidemiological practices based on the construction of negative images of alien nature had a direct impact on the state of the environment: disinfection of water, soil and air sources, and the spread of sanitary and hygienic infrastructure. In this regard, the perception of belligerent landscapes and their construction, the use of environmental images in the communication of medical professionals fit into a wide range of motifs and forms: nature as a victim of industrial warfare and an object of compassion, nature and the living beings inhabiting it as a space of epidemiological danger, nature as an object of potential control by means of disinfection

Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the extracellular DNA delivered to the nucleus of a living cell

BACKGROUND: The blood plasma and other intertissue fluids usually contain a certain amount of DNA, getting there due to a natural cell death in the organism. Cells of this organism can capture the extracellular DNA, whereupon it is delivered to various cell compartments. It is hypothesized that the extracellular DNA is involved in the transfer of genetic information and its fixation in the genome of recipient cell. RESULTS: The existence of an active flow of extracellular DNA into the cell is demonstrated using human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells as a recipient culture. The qualitative state of the DNA fragments delivered to the main cell compartments (cytoplasm and interchromosomal fraction) was assessed. The extracellular DNA delivered to the cell is characterized quantitatively. CONCLUSION: It is demonstrated that the extracellular DNA fragments in several minutes reach the nuclear space, where they are processed so that their linear size increases from about 500 bp to 10,000 bp. The amount of free extracellular DNA fragments simultaneously present in the nuclear space may reach up to 2% of the haploid genome. Using individual DNA fragments with a known molecular weight and sequence as an extracellular DNA, it is found that these fragments degrade instantly in the culture liquid in the absence of a competitor DNA and are delivered into the cell as degradants. When adding a sufficient amount of competitor DNA, the initial undegraded molecules of the DNA fragments with the known molecular weight and sequence are detectable both in the cytoplasm and nuclear space only at the zero point of experiments. The labeled precursor α-dNTP*, added to culture medium, was undetectable inside the cell in all the experiments