Pengembangan Modul Berbasis Bounded Inquiry Laboratory (Lab) Untuk Meningkatkan Literasi Sains Dimensi Proses Pada Materi Sistem Pencernaan Kelas XI

Penelitian bertujuan untuk: 1) Mengetahui karakteristik modul berbasis bounded inquiry laboratory (lab) untuk meningkatkan literasi sains dimensi proses; 2) Menguji kelayakan modul berbasis bounded inquiry laboratory (lab) untuk meningkatkan literasi sains dimensi proses; 3) Menguji keefektivan penggunaan modul berbasis bounded inquiry laboratory (lab) untuk meningkatkan literasi sains dimensi proses pada materi Sistem Pencernaan kelas XI. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development (R & D) mengacu pada model Borg and Gall (1983) yang dimodifikasi. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar analisis, lembar observasi, angket, lembar validasi, wawancara, dan tes. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan literasi sains dimensi proses dianalisis dengan N-gain ternormalisasi untuk mengetahui keefektivan modul berbasis bounded inquiry laboratory (lab), dan uji Wilcoxon untuk mengetahui literasi sains dimensi proses. Hasil penelitian dan pengembangan menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Modul berbasis bounded inquiry laboratory (lab) untuk meningkatkan literasi sains dimensi proses pada materi Sistem Pencernaan dikembangkan sesuai dengan tahapan bounded inquiry laboratory (lab) (observasi, manipulasi, generalisasi, verifikasi, aplikasi) dan pendekatan saintifik; 2) Hasil pengembangan modul berbasis bounded inquiry laboratory (lab) layak untuk diterapkan pada materi Sistem Pencernaan. Kelayakan modul berbasis bounded inquiry laboratory (lab) pada materi Sistem Pencernaan berdasarkan validasi ahli memperoleh kategori “sangat baik” dengan persentase 98,21%, validasi praktisi memperoleh kategori “sangat baik” dengan persentase 99,22%, dan responden uji coba skala kecil memperoleh kategori “baik” dengan persentase 77,34%, sehingga layak digunakan kelas XI; 3) Modul berbasis bounded inquiry laboratory (lab) pada materi Sistem Pencernaan efektif untuk meningkatkan literasi sains dimensi proses yang ditunjukkan dengan hasil uji Wilcoxon yaitu diperoleh probabilitas (p) sebesar 0,000 (p < 0,05), H0 ditolak, sehingga ada perbedaan literasi sains dimensi proses sebelum dan setelah menggunakan modul bounded inquiry laboratory (lab) pada materi sistem pencernaan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa karakteristik modul berbasis bounded inquiry laboratory (lab) sesuai tahapan bounded inquiry laboratory (lab) (observasi, manipulasi, generalisasi, verifikasi, aplikasi) dan pendekatan saintifik; layak dan efektif untuk meningkatkan literasi sains dimensi proses pada materi Sistem Pencernaan kelas XI

Utilization of an Organic Calcium Compound to Reduce SO₂ and NO Emissions from Sewage Sludge Combustion

To remove gas pollutant emissions from sewage sludge combustion, modified calcium magnesium acetate (MCMA) was used as an organic calcium compound (OCC) to blend with sludge. The main objective of this study was to determine the pollutant emission characteristics of sewage sludge and fuel blended with MCMA during combustion in a tube furnace. The effects of operating parameters on the mean SO₂ and NO emissions and the reduction ratios of SO₂ and NO were investigated. The results showed that MCMA simultaneously captured 69.9% of SO₂ and 31.3% of NO at a temperature of 800 °C and a Ca/S molar ratio of 2.0. Furthermore, the Ca/S ratio and reaction temperature significantly impacted the mean SO₂ emission and SO₂ reduction ratio. The SO₂ reduction ratio increased with increases of the Ca/S ratio and temperature. However, SO₂ emission decreased with increasing Ca/S ratio but increased with increasing reaction temperature. In addition to the main effects corresponding to single factors, the interaction effect of air flow rate and Ca/S ratio was a dominant factor that affected the mean NO emission and NO reduction ratio

Convergence of mean of Σ_{<i>i</i>,<i>j</i>,<i>k</i>}<i>w</i>_{<i>ij</i>,<i>k</i>}.

<p>Convergence of mean of Σ_{<i>i</i>,<i>j</i>,<i>k</i>}<i>w</i>_{<i>ij</i>,<i>k</i>}.</p

Data coverage area of HangZhou city.

<p>Data coverage area of HangZhou city.</p

The number of components comprised by top 1500 links.

<p>The number of components comprised by top 1500 links.</p

Tracing Road Network Bottleneck by Data Driven Approach

<div><p>Urban road congestions change both temporally and spatially. They are essentially caused by network bottlenecks. Therefore, understanding bottleneck dynamics is critical in the goal of reasonably allocating transportation resources. In general, a typical bottleneck experiences the stages of formation, propagation and dispersion. In order to understand the three stages of a bottle neck and how the bottleneck moves on a road network, traffic flow data can be used to reconstruct these dynamics. However, raw traffic flow data is usually flawed in many ways. For instance some portion of data may be missing due to the failure of data collection devices, or some random factors in the data make it hard to identify real bottlenecks. In this paper a “user voting method” is proposed to deal with such raw-data-related issues. In this method, road links are ranked according to the weighed sum of certain performance measures and the links that are ranked relatively high are regarded as recurrent bottlenecks in a network, and several bottlenecks form a bottleneck area. A series of bottleneck parameters can be defined based on the identified bottleneck areas, such as bottleneck coverage, bottleneck link length, etc. Identifying bottleneck areas and calculating the bottleneck parameters for each time interval can reflect the evolution of the bottlenecks and also help trace how the bottlenecks move.</p></div

Definition of LOS.

<p>Definition of LOS.</p

Proportions of Links under different LOS.

<p>Proportions of Links under different LOS.</p

Rolling time domain method.

<p>Rolling time domain method.</p

Top 1500 congested links for the whole day.

<p>Top 1500 congested links for the whole day.</p