NLRC3 Delays the Progression of AD in APP/PS1 Mice via Inhibiting PI3K Activation

NLRC3 inhibits inflammatory responses. Neuroinflammation induces and accelerates the onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study is aimed at investigating whether NLRC3 plays a role in neuroinflammation, Aβ accumulation, and neuroprotection in AD mice. 12-month-old APP/PS1 transgenic and C57 mice were used for studies in vivo. In vitro, organotypic hippocampal slices were cultured. We found that the expression of NLRC3 was downregulated in the brain tissues of APP/PS1 mice. Mice in the APP/PS1 group had a significant attenuation of learning and memory ability compared to the control group, and the ability was improved in APP/PS1 + LV-NLRC3 mice. The expressions of 6E10, GFAP, Iba1, and PI3K in the hippocampus and brains of APP/PS1 mice were significantly higher than those of the control group, while the expressions of NeuN were lower than that of the control group. With the overexpression of NLRC3 in the APP/PS1 + LV-NLRC3 group, the expressions of 6e10, GFAP, Iba1, and PI3K were significantly lower, while the expression of NeuN was significantly higher compared to the APP/PS1 group. NLRC3 colocalized with NeuN. PI3K activation with 740YP increased the expression of GFAP and Iba-1 in the hippocampus with the exogenous NLRC3 protein. We conclude that NLRC3 may play an important role in the development and progression of AD. Downregulation of NLRC3 can lead to the activation of PI3K, resulting in abnormal plaque deposition, glial cell activation, and neuron loss during AD. NLRC3 delays the progression of AD in APP/PS1 mice via inhibiting PI3K activation

Optimizing the Composition Design of Cement-Based Expanded-Polystyrene (EPS) Exterior Wall Based on Thermal Insulation and Flame Retardance

The use of thermal insulated decorative panel materials with low thermal conductivity and high flame retardance is a key step toward energy-saving buildings. However, traditional thermal insulation materials are always highly conductive and inflammable, which restricts their application for new buildings. This study aims to prepare the non-combustible, cement-based EPS mixtures with thermal conductivity lower than 0.045 and density less than 140 kg/m3 and characterize it with mechanical, thermal, and flame retardant properties. The effect of particle size, Silica coated and content of EPS on the physical, mechanical, thermal, and combustion performance are conducted in this paper. The comprehensive indoor tests including density, water absorbing, softening coefficient, compressive strength, tensile strength, moisture susceptibility, thermal conductivity, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) along with combustion performance are reported to evaluate the effects of several variables on the investigated cement-based nonflammable EPS (CEPS)mixtures. The results show that small and gradation EPS particles significantly improve the comprehensive performance of mixtures. In addition, Silica coated ESP significantly improve the flame retardance of mixtures while reduce the mechanical characteristics slightly. These results contribute to the selection of appropriate materials to enhance the thermal insulation, flame retardance and mechanical properties of CEPS

Identification of a G2-like transcription factor, OsPHL3, functions as a negative regulator of flowering in rice by co-expression and reverse genetic analysis

Abstract Background Flowering time is a key trait for regional adaption and seed production in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Forward and reverse genetic studies have characterized a number of flowering-time genes. However, co-expression analysis has not been used to identify the flowering-time genes. Results We predicted a G2-like family transcription factor, OsPHL3, by co-expression networks analysis with photoperiodic flowering pathway genes. OsPHL3 contains a MYB-CC domain, and was localized in the nucleus with transcriptional activation potential. OsPHL3 was mainly expressed in the leaves and exhibited a circadian rhythmic expression pattern. Rice lines overexpressing OsPHL3 showed a delayed flowering time in the genetic background of TP309 under both long-day (Beijing) and short-day (Hainan) conditions. By contrast, the knockout rice lines of OsPHL3 by CRISPR/Cas9 technology promoted flowering time regardless of genetic backgrounds (i.e. Nipponbare and TP309) or day length. Further analysis indicated that OsPHL3 delayed flowering time by down-regulating the expression of Hd3a and RFT1 through promoting Hd1 under long-day conditions (LDs), or suppressing Ehd1/Hd1 under short-day conditions (SDs). Conclusions Our results suggested that co-expression analysis is a useful strategy for identifying novel flowering-time genes in rice

A Rice NBS-ARC Gene Conferring Quantitative Resistance to Bacterial Blight Is Regulated by a Pathogen Effector-Inducible miRNA

The bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Otyzae (Xoo) causes blight in rice worldwide, resulting in significant crop loss. However, no gene underlying a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for resistance against Xoo has been cloned yet. Here, we report the map-based cloning of a QTL, in which the NBS8R gene confers quantitative resistance to Xoo. NBS8R encodes an NB-ARC protein, which is involved in pathogen/microbe-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and whose expression is regulated by non-TAL effector XopQ-inducible Osa-miR1876 through DNA methylation. Sequence analysis of NBS8R in wild rice species and rice cultivars suggests that the Osa-miR1876 binding sites in the 5' UTR of NBS8R are inserted by chance and have undergone variations with Osa-miR1876 throughout evolution. The interaction between NBS8R and XopQ-inducible Osa-miR1876 is partially in keeping with the zigzag model, revealing that quantitative genes may also follow this model to control the innate immune response or basal disease resistance, and may prove valuable in utilizing the existing landraces that harbor the NBS8R gene but with no Osa-miR1876 binding site in rice breeding for bacterial blight resistance

Movie Emotional Event Detection Based on Music Mood and Video Tempo

Gram-negative bacteria use a variety of virulence factors including phytotoxins, exopolysaccharides, effectors secreted by the type III secretion system, and cell-wall-degrading enzymes to promote parasitism in plants. However, little is known about how these virulence factors alter plant celluar responses to promote disease. In this study, we show that virulent Pseudomonas syringae strains activate the transcription of an Arabidopsis ethylene response factor (ERF) gene, RAP2.6, in a coronatine insensitive 1 (COI1)-dependent manner. A highly sensitive RAP2.6 promoter-firely luciferase (RAP2.6-LUC) reporter line was developed to monitor activities of various bacterial virulence genes. Analyses of P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 mutants indicated that both type III secretion system and the phytotoxin coronatine are required for RAP2.6 induction. We show that at least five individual type III effectors, avirulence B (AvrB), AvrRpt2, AvrPphB, HopPtok, and AvrPphEpto, contributed to RAP2.6 induction. Gene-for-gene recognition was not involved in RAP2.6 induction because plants lacking RPM1 and RPS2 responded normally to AvrB and AvrRpt2 in RAP2.6 expression. Interestingly, the role of coronatine in RAP2.6 induction can be partially substituted by the addition of avrB in DC3000, suggesting that AvrB may mimic coronatine. These results suggest that P. syringae type III effectors and coronatine act by augmenting a COI1-dependent pathway to promote parasitism

Deciphering the Hazardous Effects of AFB1 and T-2 Toxins: Unveiling Toxicity and Oxidative Stress Mechanisms in PK15 Cells and Mouse Kidneys

In China, animal feeds are frequently contaminated with a range of mycotoxins, with Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and T-2 toxin (T-2) being two highly toxic mycotoxins. This study investigates the combined nephrotoxicity of AFB1 and T-2 on PK15 cells and murine renal tissues and their related oxidative stress mechanisms. PK15 cells were treated with the respective toxin concentrations for 24 h, and oxidative stress-related indicators were assessed. The results showed that the combination of AFB1 and T-2 led to more severe cellular damage and oxidative stress compared to exposure to the individual toxins (p p < 0.05). These findings suggest that the combined toxins cause significant oxidative damage to mouse kidneys. The study highlights the importance of considering the combined effects of mycotoxins in animal feed, particularly AFB1 and T-2, which can lead to severe nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in PK15 cells and mouse kidneys. The findings have important implications for animal feed safety and regulatory policy

Unraveling the Nrf2-ARE Signaling Pathway in the DF-1 Chicken Fibroblast Cell Line: Insights into T-2 Toxin-Induced Oxidative Stress Regulation

The T-2 toxin (T2) poses a major threat to the health and productivity of animals. The present study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of Nrf2 derived from broilers against T2-induced oxidative damage. DF-1 cells, including those with normal characteristics, as well as those overexpressing or with a knockout of specific components, were exposed to a 24 h treatment of 50 nM T2. The primary objective was to evaluate the indicators associated with oxidative stress and the expression of downstream antioxidant factors regulated by the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway, at both the mRNA and protein levels. The findings of this study demonstrated a noteworthy relationship between the up-regulation of the Nrf2 protein and a considerable reduction in the oxidative stress levels within DF-1 cells (p p p p < 0.05). This experiment lays a theoretical foundation for investigating the detrimental impacts of T2 on broiler chickens. It also establishes a research framework for employing the Nrf2 protein in broiler chicken production and breeding. Moreover, it introduces novel insights for the prospective management of oxidative stress-related ailments in the livestock and poultry industry