A Study on the Trading Routes Connecting the Red Sea and Ethiopia as Serial Heritages

The Red Sea Area in north-east Africa, characterized by its specific geographical condition represented by deserts and highlands, has been the stage of interrelation among different political powers and cultural groups. The presence of imperial Ethiopia was decisive in the highland area while other powers such as Egypt and Turkey tried to dominate coastal area by way of navigation. Port cities like Suakin, Massawa, Zeila were thus established under the authority of Ottoman Empire or Egyptian rulers. These ports were connected to inland cities by caravan route. Inland post cities like Sennar, Adowa, and Harar flourished as relaying post and market. This paper aims at the analysis and the re-evaluation of the onceexisted network of such caravan routes by clarifying the urban formation of port and post cities, the identification of the routes, their transformation in the modern period and resulting decaying process. The rapid changes of transportation system in the 20^ century have made them out of fashion. Some of these cities have been menaced by severe deterioration, both in natural and social senses

A study on the living condition and the housing problem in central Gondar, Ethiopia

This paper aims at analysis of the housing conditions of a historical city Gondar in Ethiopia. Although rich in historical relics within a historical core formulated in the course of an imperial period since the 17^ century, the central zone of Gondar is suffering from the deterioration of urban blocks generated by a series of modern master planning since 1930\u27s. Repeated field surveys in situ revealed the typological nature of built environment as well as social characteristics of inhabitants residing there. Dominance of female population, juxtaposition of shady occupation and historical monuments, concentration of the poor depending on the informal sector, are the main points abstracted from the surveys. Coordination within public housing is the key for the amelioration of actual situation

Letter to Sonora Dodd from Human Life Publishing Company, March 28, 1911

Letter to Sonora Dodd from Editor of the Human Life Publishing Company.https://digitalcommons.whitworth.edu/fathers-day-correspondence/1010/thumbnail.jp

石狩市の地産地消における福祉事業所利用者 (障がい者) への就労支援

石狩市では、消費者の食の安全・安心や健康への関心の高まりにより、"地産地消の推進"が図られている。平成24年度の本学のゼミ活動において、石狩産小麦を用いた商品「いしかりベーグル」の開発及び加工販売を行うことにより、地域への貢献の可能性を示すことができた。その後の「いしかりベーグル」の発展・継続について勘案していたところ、福祉事業サムリブより加工販売引継の要請があった。石狩市では障がい者就労支援の取り組みが行われているが、地域の大学生が、直接福祉事業所利用者に製造技術を支援した例はみられない。利用者が技術を身につけ自己の確立に寄与できることは有意義であり、本研究では、「いしかりベーグル」のレシピ譲渡とともに、利用者の製造技術獲得への支援をすることを目的とした。その結果、石狩産小麦を用いたベーグルのレシピ譲渡・利用者の製造技術獲得ができたことで地産地消活動の拡大に貢献することが可能となった

サルナシ (Actinidia arguta) 果皮のポリフェノール含量と抗酸化成分

The sarunashi berry is an edible fruit form a cultivar group of the Actinidia species. In this study,the total polyphenol content and antioxidant properties of its peel, seed and pulp were analyzed and compared with those of the kiwifruit,which is the most common commercially available cultivar group of this species. Sarunashi peel showed the highest antioxidant potential on the basis of DPPH radical-scavenging assays. The main active constituents of the peel,as determined by HPLC were quercetin-3-galactoside and procyanidin B1, both of which showed high radical-scavenging activity. These two constituents may contribute to the antioxidant properties of sarunashi peel. Accordingly, it can be considerd that the fruit may serve as a significant source of antioxidants

日本型食生活が若年女性の整腸作用に及ぼす影響

我が国の食生活は、欧米化に伴い低食物繊維・高脂肪食へ変化しており、特に野菜の摂取量減少による食物繊維量の低下は、排便に影響を与えていると言われている。そこで本研究では、1日の食事のうちの1食を、望ましい栄養バランスである「日本型食生活」に置き換え、排便に及ぼす影響について調査を行った。対象者は、同意の得られた健常な女子大学生19名(21～24歳)とした。試験食の栄養価等は、日本人の食事摂取基準2010年版をもとに設定した。試験食は原則平日の12～13時の間に、昼食として8週間(40食)摂取し、摂取終了後4週間を非介入期として設けた。全期間中、被験者には排便状況(排便日数、排便回数、排便量等)を毎日日誌に記入させた。試験食摂取前(介入前)と試験食摂取期(摂取期)および摂取試験後(非介入期)の終了日に、食物摂取頻度調査法による食事調査を行った。被験者は全員、40食の試験食をすべて摂取した。排便状態の変化を調べた結果、試験食摂取5～8週目にかけての排便日数は、非介入期20日/4週間であったのに対して、摂取期では25日/4週間となり非介入期に比べ有意に増加した(P<0.001)。また試験食摂取により、排便回数はおよそ10回/4週間、排便量ではおよそ14個分/4週間それぞれ増加した(P<0.001)。試験食摂取後に行った便通に関するアンケート調査では、全質問項目において良くなった、やや良くなったと回答した者が50%以上おり、自覚症状でも半数以上の者に変化がみられた。食事調査の結果、非介入期では野菜の摂取量が121g/日であったが、摂取期では225g/日に増加し、同様に食物繊維の摂取量も、非介入期8.4g/日から摂取期12.4g/日と有意に増加した(P<0.001)。以上の結果より、1日1回の食事を「日本型食生活」に置き換えることで、食物繊維の摂取量を増加させることができ、排便に良い影響を及ぼすことが示された。Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of Japanese dietary pattern on defecation in young Japanese women. Methods:The subjects were nineteen female university students (21-24 years old), who gave informed consent to their participation in the study. The total study period was twelve weeks including a four-week observation period,and an eight-week intervention (40 lunch meals of Japanese dietary pattern,5 meals per week)period. The subjects recorded daily defecation,food intake,and special circumstances that may have influenced defecation. Food frequency questionnaires were administered during the observation and intervention periods, respectively. Results: The defecation frequency(from 22 to 31)and quantity(from 22 to 36)in the intervention period from five to eight weeks were significantly increased as compared with those in the observation period. In the food frequency questionnaires, intake of grain,vegetables and seaweeds in the intervention period were significantly increased as compared with those in the observation period. These increased intakes could affect defecation. Conclusion: These results indicate that the Japanese dietary pattern has a beneficial effect on defecation in young Japanese women

高脂肪食投与ラットにおけるカカオバターの摂取が脂質代謝へ及ぼす影響

現代社会における食生活の変化、特に動物性脂肪摂取量の増加は、メタボリックシンドロームをはじめとする、脂質異常症の一要因になっていると思われる。そこで本研究では、植物性脂肪である大豆油を対照として、カカオ豆の脂肪分であるが、飽和脂肪酸を多く含み常温では固体であるカカオバターと、豚の脂肪組織から精製される食用油脂ラードを用いて高脂肪食を作製し、ラットにおける高脂肪食の摂取が、脂質代謝に及ぼす影響を検討した。3週齢SD系雄性ラットを精製飼料であるAIN-93M で予備飼育後、1群6匹になるようControl群、Cacao群、Lard群の3群に分け28日間試験飼育を行った。Cacao群とLard群は20%の高脂肪食になるよう、カカオバターとラードをそれぞれの精製飼料に添加した。試験期間中26-28日目に採糞を行った。解剖後、肝臓重量、腹部大動脈血中総コレステロールおよびトリグリセリドを測定した。またFolchらの方法に従い肝臓と糞から総脂質を抽出し、肝総コレステロールおよびトリグリセリドを測定した。飼育期間全般で体重に有意差は認められなかった。しかしながら、Lard群ではControl群と比較して肝臓中の総脂質含量、総コレステロールおよびトリグリセリドが有意に増加した。同じ高脂肪食のCacao群では、これらの増加は認められなかった。糞中総脂質含量は、Cacao群が他の2群に比べ最も多かった。以上の結果より、カカオバターは高脂肪食ラットの、肝臓中総脂質含量や、総コレステロールおよびトリグリセリドの増加を、抑制する可能性が示された。Cacao群では糞中総脂質含量が増加することから、カカオバターは吸収されにくい脂質であることが示唆される

フィードバック以前の文脈がフィードバック後の動機づけに与える影響

This study examined the relationship between contexts before receiving feedback and motivation after feedback. In study 1, first, second, and third grade students answered questionnaires about different situations that enhanced motivation. The situations that enhanced motivation were as follows: 1) receiving praise for difficult activities, 2) receiving praise for activities they preferred, and 3) receiving praise for activities they were not usually praised for. In study 2, students watched four stories in which the main characters were in different situations, but the outcome was the exact same; the character achieved a perfect score on the test and received praise from the teacher. Students assessed each character\u27s motivational scores. Students gave the highest scores when the character preferred math and received feedback frequently before final feedback. Students gave the lowest score when the character did not prefer math and did not receive feedback frequently. In study 3, students were interviewed about the emotions of the characters from study 2. In the story with the highest motivation scores, students reported positive feelings both before and after final feedback. In the story with the lowest motivation scores, students reported negative feelings before receiving final feedback, but positive feelings after receiving final feedback

ベトナムベンチェ省におけるSVCA活動に参加して

The author participated in a volunteer program from August 2 to August 9,2015, sponsored by the Support of Vietnam Children Association (SVCA), a nongovernmental organization(NGO). The SVCA was established 25 years ago, when Akemi Bando launched support activities in cooperation with her friends in the wake of her visit to Vietnam, where she found children in Vietnam in a very miserable situation, with poor educational opportunities and lacking medical and welfare services. The SVCA\u27s activities, which were started in the Kansai region, have been continued to the present day and have spread nationwide. SVCA-registered members can be found in various parts of Japan. The purpose of this visit was to provide cooperation in staff training at the Disabled Children\u27s Development Support Center, which was just established at the request of the Ben Tre Province. The SVCA\u27s activities during this visit are presented in this paper to give a brief outline of the visit