EVALUATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF THE BLACK GLUTINOUS RICE BASED ON AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS

The study assessed the variations in nine agro-morphological characters among and within the black glutinous rice (Oryza sativa) population from Chau Thanh District, Tra Vinh Province. The nine quantitative agromorphological characters that were measured include culm length, leaf length, leaf width, number of panicles, panicle length, grain length, grain width, number of firm grain, and number of grain per panicle. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean method and principal coordinate analysis by the NTSYS program were applied in this study to classify the nine agro-morphological characters. In addition, to compare the variations in quantitative characters between O. sativa populations, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. The results showed significant differences between the black glutinous rice populations for all quantitative agro-morphological characters. Moreover, some agro-morphological characters showed positive correlations to each other. The dendrogram generated from the analysis process of the agromorphological data divided the O. sativa populations into two groups with unfamiliar features. However, the O. sativa populations assessed exhibited a wide range of variations in morphological characteristics, both within the same population and among other populations with the same strains

Late entry to antenatal care in New South Wales, Australia

AIMS: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of women who entered antenatal care (ANC) late and to identify factors related to the late entry to ANC in New South Wales (NSW) in 2004. METHODS: The NSW Midwives Data Collection contained data of 85,034 women who gave birth in 2004. Data were downloaded using SAS and transferred to STATA 8.0. Entering ANC after 12 weeks of gestation was classified as late. The Andersen Health Seeking Behaviour Model was used for selection and analyses of related factors. Regression and hierarchical analyses were used to identify significant factors and their relative contributions to the variation of pregnancy duration at entry to ANC. RESULTS: 41% of women commenced ANC after 12 weeks of gestation. Inequality existed between groups of women with predisposing characteristics and enabling resources contributed more to the variation in pregnancy duration at entry to ANC than needs. The groups of women with highest risk were teenagers, migrants from developing countries, women living in Western Sydney, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, women with three or more previous pregnancies and heavy smokers. The high risk groups with largest number of women were migrants from developing countries and women living in Western Sydney. CONCLUSION: A large number of women in NSW entered ANC late in their pregnancies. Efforts to increase early entry to ANC should be targeted on identified high risk groups of women

Antenatal Care In Three Provinces Of Vietnam: Long An, Ben Tre And Quang Ngai

Objective: To describe the levels of ANC adequacy and factors related in 3 provinces of Vietnam: Long an, Ben tre and Quang ngai. Method: Data from three rural provinces of Vietnam collected by the Vietnam Australia Primary Health Care Project were analysed using descriptive and analytical statistical techniques including multivariate regression, multipart analysis and hierarchical techniques. A sample of 1335 eligible women was available for analysis. The Andersen Health Behaviour Model was utilised in analyses of ANC utilisation. The Donabedian Quality of Health Model was used in analyses of ANC content and overall adequacy. Results: ANC was inadequate with only 71% of women having some ANC, 51% having initial visits within the first four months, 41% having three or more visits, 35% having three or more visits with the initial visits within the first four months, 17% of women reported three quarter or more of recommended ANC procedures/advice, 12% of women had enough ANC utilisation and fair ANC content. Factors that existed prior to contact with health care providers such as external environment, predisposing and need were related to whether the women seek any ANC and to pregnancy duration at first visits. However, factors that resulted from initial contact with health care providers, such as satisfaction of women with ANC services and health care provider related characteristics, were important in the models examining total number of ANC visits, overall ANC utilisation, content of ANC reported and overall ANC adequacy. Province of residence related to all aspects of ANC adequacy. Different aspects of ANC adequacy were related to each other. Conclusion: ANC adequacy levels in Vietnam were low. To increase the proportions of women who use ANC services and attend ANC early, promotion of ANC should be targeted at women at risk. However, to improve continuation with ANC, ANC content, and overall ANC adequacy, the quality of services provided needs to be improved. To reduce the gap between provinces, priority should be given to less developed provinces.PhD Doctorat

Antenatal Care Adequacy In Three Provinces Of Vietnam: Long An, Ben Tre, And Quang Ngai

Vietnam has high numbers of maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. Each year, 1,500 women die and 45,000 others become disabled as a result of pregnancy and childbirth complications. There were 37,700 neonatal deaths in Vietnam in 1999. The maternal mortality rate is 165 per 100,000 live births and the infant mortality rate is around 30 per 1,000 live births. Antenatal care (ANC) has been proven to be effective in preventing pregnancy adverse outcomes. For ANC to be effective, women should have enough visits at appropriate times, with sufficient ANC content. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends four visits at the 4th, 6th or 7th, 8th, and 9th month for women in developing countries. The Vietnamese government recommends three visits, one during each trimester. WHO recommends three basic components of ANC content: (1) biomedical assessment based on medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests; (2) health promotion; and (3) care provision

Caesarean section among immigrants with different obstetrical risks

AimTo determine the variation in caesarean section rates among immigrant populations. Background: Australia is one of the most multicultural in the world and is also among those with the highest caesarean section rates. Design: Secondary data analysis. Methods: Routinely collected data from a Local Heath District between 2011 and 2015 were analysed. Women were categorized into regional groups based on country of birth. Obstetrical risk was classified using the Robson classification. Results/Findings: In total 48711 women gave birth, of whom 64.0% were born overseas; 13966 had a caesarean section (28.7%). South and Central Asia women had a high number of caesarean sections (n=4139; 29.6% of all caesarean sections), a high overall adjusted caesarean section rate (31.4%; 95% CI, 30.5%-32.3%), and consistently high caesarean section rates among women with single cephalic term pregnancy without a previous caesarean section. High adjusted caesarean section rates were seen among South East Asia women with nulliparous, single cephalic, term pregnancy, and spontaneous labour. Demographic and clinical characteristics explained 83.5% of the variation in overall caesarean section rates between country of birth and 21.8% to 100% depending on Robson group. Conclusions: Caesarean section rates varied by country of birth and within some Robson groups. The studied factors had various effects on the variation in caesarean section rates between country of birth and Robson groups