Chlorothalonil: an effective bacteriostatic agent for bud induction of Acacia auriculiformis under open condition (non-axenic)

Abstract Background Open tissue culture technique could be simplified by using different bacteriostatic agents. There is a great difference in the bacteriostatic effects of different antimicrobial agents on various explants. However, there is no report about the effective bacteriostatic agent for open tissue culture of Acacia auriculiformis. Results We carried out the bud induction trials under open conditions to screen out an effective antibacterial agent for open tissue culture of A. auriculiformis. The results showed that the suitable type and concentration of bacteriostatic agent was 0.2 g L−1 Chlorothalonil, and the suitable explant type was middle shoot section with leaves (the shoot section with third to fifth axillary bud). The treatment of 0.8 g L−1 Carbendazim for 3 min was the most suitable strategy for explants disinfection, and October was the best time for explants collection. The suitable bud induction medium was 1/8 MS + agar 7 g L−1 + Chlorothalonil 0.2 g L−1 + 6-BA 1.5 mg L−1, and the bud induction rate was 99.54%. Conclusions Our results revealed that Chlorothalonil is an effective bacteriostatic agent for bud induction of A. auriculiformis under open condition. These results would be very helpful for further establishment of open tissue culture technology for A. auriculiformis

Comparative transcriptomics and bioinformatics analysis of genes related to photosynthesis in Eucalyptus camaldulensis

The timber species Eucalyptus camaldulensis is one of the most important in southern China. Therefore, it is essential to understand the photosynthetic pattern in eucalyptus leaves. In the present study, eighteen photosynthesis-related genes were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. The results indicated that there were ten differentially expressed ribose-5-phosphate isomerase genes (RPI), and six of them were up-regulated in the mature leaves compared to the young leaves, while others were down-regulated. The differential expression of four rubisco methyltransferase genes (RBCMT) were observed. Two of them were up-regulated, while two were down-regulated in mature leaves compared to young leaves. Furthermore, two ribulose-phosphate-3-epimerase genes (RPE) were up-regulated in the mature leaves compared to the young leaves. In contrast, two genes involved in triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) were down-regulated in mature leaves compared with young leaves. The current study provides basic information about the transcriptome of E. camaldulensis and lays a foundation for further research in developing and utilizing important photosynthetic genes

Testbeam evaluation of silicon strip modules for ATLAS Phase - II Strip Tracker Upgrade

The planned HL-LHC (High Luminosity LHC) is being designed to maximise the physics potential of the LHC with 10 years of operation at instantaneous luminosities of \mbox{$7.5\times10^{34}\;\mathrm{cm}^{-2}\mathrm{s}^{-1}$}. A consequence of this increased luminosity is the expected radiation damage requiring the tracking detectors to withstand hadron equivalences to over $1x10^{15}$ 1 MeV neutron equivalent per $cm^{2}$ in the ATLAS Strips system. The silicon strip tracker exploits the concept of modularity. Fast readout electronics, deploying 130nm CMOS front-end electronics are glued on top of a silicon sensor to make a module. The radiation hard n-in-p micro-strip sensors used have been developed by the ATLAS ITk Strip Sensor collaboration and produced by Hamamatsu Photonics. A series of tests were performed at the DESY-II test beam facility to investigate the detailed performance of a strip module with both 2.5cm and 5cm length strips before irradiation. The DURANTA telescope was used to obtain a pointing resolution of 2$\mu$m, with an additional pixel layer installed to improve timing resolution to $\sim$25ns. Results will show that prior to irradiation a wide range of thresholds (0.5-2.0 fC) meet the requirements of a noise occupancy less than $1x10^{-3}$ and a hit efficiency greater than 99\%

CEPC Conceptual Design Report: Volume 2 - Physics & Detector

The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is a large international scientific facility proposed by the Chinese particle physics community to explore the Higgs boson and provide critical tests of the underlying fundamental physics principles of the Standard Model that might reveal new physics. The CEPC, to be hosted in China in a circular underground tunnel of approximately 100 km in circumference, is designed to operate as a Higgs factory producing electron-positron collisions with a center-of-mass energy of 240 GeV. The collider will also operate at around 91.2 GeV, as a Z factory, and at the WW production threshold (around 160 GeV). The CEPC will produce close to one trillion Z bosons, 100 million W bosons and over one million Higgs bosons. The vast amount of bottom quarks, charm quarks and tau-leptons produced in the decays of the Z bosons also makes the CEPC an effective B-factory and tau-charm factory. The CEPC will have two interaction points where two large detectors will be located. This document is the second volume of the CEPC Conceptual Design Report (CDR). It presents the physics case for the CEPC, describes conceptual designs of possible detectors and their technological options, highlights the expected detector and physics performance, and discusses future plans for detector R&D and physics investigations. The final CEPC detectors will be proposed and built by international collaborations but they are likely to be composed of the detector technologies included in the conceptual designs described in this document. A separate volume, Volume I, recently released, describes the design of the CEPC accelerator complex, its associated civil engineering, and strategic alternative scenarios

CEPC Conceptual Design Report: Volume 2 - Physics & Detector

The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is a large international scientific facility proposed by the Chinese particle physics community to explore the Higgs boson and provide critical tests of the underlying fundamental physics principles of the Standard Model that might reveal new physics. The CEPC, to be hosted in China in a circular underground tunnel of approximately 100 km in circumference, is designed to operate as a Higgs factory producing electron-positron collisions with a center-of-mass energy of 240 GeV. The collider will also operate at around 91.2 GeV, as a Z factory, and at the WW production threshold (around 160 GeV). The CEPC will produce close to one trillion Z bosons, 100 million W bosons and over one million Higgs bosons. The vast amount of bottom quarks, charm quarks and tau-leptons produced in the decays of the Z bosons also makes the CEPC an effective B-factory and tau-charm factory. The CEPC will have two interaction points where two large detectors will be located. This document is the second volume of the CEPC Conceptual Design Report (CDR). It presents the physics case for the CEPC, describes conceptual designs of possible detectors and their technological options, highlights the expected detector and physics performance, and discusses future plans for detector R&D and physics investigations. The final CEPC detectors will be proposed and built by international collaborations but they are likely to be composed of the detector technologies included in the conceptual designs described in this document. A separate volume, Volume I, recently released, describes the design of the CEPC accelerator complex, its associated civil engineering, and strategic alternative scenarios

CEPC Conceptual Design Report: Volume 2 - Physics & Detector

The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is a large international scientific facility proposed by the Chinese particle physics community to explore the Higgs boson and provide critical tests of the underlying fundamental physics principles of the Standard Model that might reveal new physics. The CEPC, to be hosted in China in a circular underground tunnel of approximately 100 km in circumference, is designed to operate as a Higgs factory producing electron-positron collisions with a center-of-mass energy of 240 GeV. The collider will also operate at around 91.2 GeV, as a Z factory, and at the WW production threshold (around 160 GeV). The CEPC will produce close to one trillion Z bosons, 100 million W bosons and over one million Higgs bosons. The vast amount of bottom quarks, charm quarks and tau-leptons produced in the decays of the Z bosons also makes the CEPC an effective B-factory and tau-charm factory. The CEPC will have two interaction points where two large detectors will be located. This document is the second volume of the CEPC Conceptual Design Report (CDR). It presents the physics case for the CEPC, describes conceptual designs of possible detectors and their technological options, highlights the expected detector and physics performance, and discusses future plans for detector R&D and physics investigations. The final CEPC detectors will be proposed and built by international collaborations but they are likely to be composed of the detector technologies included in the conceptual designs described in this document. A separate volume, Volume I, recently released, describes the design of the CEPC accelerator complex, its associated civil engineering, and strategic alternative scenarios