Reasons why Students of Dental Medicine Choose English as an Optional Course

U ovome radu nastojali smo ispitati razloge studenata Stomatološkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu za odabir engleskog jezika kao nastavnog kolegija. Rezultati ispitivanja provedenog na 134 ispitanika prve i druge godine studija pokazali su da kod studenata Stomatološkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu postoje sljedeći razlozi za učenje engleskog jezika: “općeobrazovna orijentacija” (koja studentima omogućuje samopotvrdu i stjecanje društvenog ugleda), “stručna orijentacija” (koja im omogućuje da, prateći stručnu literaturu, dobivaju nove spoznaje iz stomatologije i medicine), “komunikativna orijentacija” (koja im omogućuje sporazumijevati se s govornicima drugih jezičnih područja), “informativna orijentacija ” (koja im omogućuje dobivati najrazličitije informacije),“kulturološka orijentcija” (koja im omogućuje potpunije razumijevati kulturna djela). Studentice jednako važnim drže i “integrativnu orijentaciju”(koja im omogućuje integrirati se u neku od zemalja engleskoga govornog područja).Rezultati pokazuju da su studenti samostalno odabrali engleski je zik kao kolegij na Stomatološkom fakultetu, a na njihovu odluku nisu utjecali vanjski razlozi, kao što su popraviti prosjek ocjena ili zadovoljiti zelje roditelja.Isto tako možemo zaključiti da se stajališta studenata Stomatološkog fakulteta ne razlikuju bitno od stajališta studenata Veterinarskog fa kulteta.In this paper reasons for choosing English as an optional course at the School o f Dental Medicine, University o f Zagreb, have been examined and compared with the reasons o f veterinary students. The results o f the study, involving 134 students, show that there are several aspects o f learning English which dental students consider to be the most important as well as the most effective ones for them. These are: “educational aspect” (enabling students to satisfy some o f their personal needs such as acquiring prestige and power, advancing the ability to face a greater challenge, developing cultural tolerance etc), “professional aspect”(enabling students to understand written information concerning dental medicine), “communicative aspect”(enabling students to communicate with the members o f other linguistic groups), “informative aspect”(enabling students to get acquainted with information o f different kinds), “cultural aspect” (enabling them to fully understand various cultural products). The “integrative aspect” o f learning, which would enable a person to incorporate into an English speaking country, is estimated as a very important one by female students. The results show that the students chose this course o f their own volition and not for some external reasons. The results also show that both dental and veterinary students have similar attitudes towards an English for Specific Purpose course. Their reasons for choosing English as an optional course are identical. Dental students would like to attend an English for Specific Purpose course throughout the fourth and/or fifth year o f their studies. More research is needed

The First Fifty Years of the Journal Acta Stomatologica Croatica (1966 - 2016): Citation Analysis

Povodom pedeset godina izlaženja od (1966. do 2016.) napravljena je citatna analiza časopisa Acta stomatologica Croatica (ASCRO). Svrha: Namjera je bila utvrditi utjecaj promjena nastalih u posljednjih deset godina na vidljivost i citiranost ASCRO-a usporedbom dobivenih rezultata s rezultatima citatne analize ASCRO-a iz 2008. Materijali i metode: Uzorak je pribavljen pretraživanjem baze podataka Web of Science Core Collection, a podatci su obrađeni deskriptivnom statistikom. Rezultati: U ASCRO-u je objavljeno ukupno 1618 radova, a citirano je 477 za koje je zabilježeno 903 citata. Svaki objavljeni rad citiran je prosječno 0,6 puta, a svaki od citiranih radova dobio je prosječno 1,9 citata. Najveći broj citata po radu je 20, a najviše citata po godini je 63 u 1991. Prema starosti rada najviše citata dobilo je 96 radova u trećoj godini poslije objavljivanja, a najstariji citirani radovi napisani su prije 45 godina. ASCRO je citiran u 302 časopisa, a najviše citata (19 %) zabilježeno je u Coll. Antropolu. Od ukupno 903 citata 41 % citirali su samo hrvatski autori, 3,7 % radova citirali su hrvatski i strani autori, a 55,3 % radova citirali su samo strani autori. ASCRO su citirali autori iz 73 države – 33 su europske, 19 je azijskih, 10 američkih, 9 afričkih i 2 države Australije i Oceanije. Zaključak: U svim analiziranim parametrima zabilježen je rast kvalitete ASCRO-a u posljednjih deset godina u odnosu prema rezultatima dobivenima citatnom analizom 2008.Acta Stomatologica Croatica (ASCRO) citation analysis was made on the occasion of fifty years of publishing the journal (1966 to 2016). The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the changes that have been occurring over the last ten years on the visibility and citation of ASCRO by comparing the obtained results with the 2008 ASCRO citation analysis. Materials and Methods: The sample was obtained by searching the Web of Science Core Collection database, and the data were processed by descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 1,618 papers were published in ASCRO in which 477 papers were cited in 903 citations. Each published paper was cited on average 0.6 times, while each of the cited papers received 1.9 quotations on average. The largest number of citations per paper is 20, and the largest number of citations per year is 63 in 1991. According to age, 96 papers received the largest number of citations three years after they had been published, and the oldest cited papers are 45 years old. ASCRO was cited in 302 journals, and the largest number of citations (19%) was recorded in Collegium Antropologicum. Out of the total of 903 citations, 41% were made by Croatian authors. Croatian and foreign authors cited in 3.7% of papers, and in 55.3% of papers citations were made only by foreign authors. ASCRO is cited by authors from 73 countries, of which 33 are European, 19 are Asian, 10 American, 9 African and 2 authors come from Australia and Oceania. Conclusion: ASCRO’s improvement in the quality has been recorded in all of the analyzed parameters over the past ten years with respect to the results obtained by citation analysis in 2008

Sport, Rekreation, Fitness – Eine Analyse sportwissenschaftlicher Bezeichnungen

Jezik se stalno mijenja, a najčešće se jezične promjene događaju u leksiku – nastanak novih izvanjezičnih fenomena ima za posljedicu nastanak novih riječi. Cilj je ovoga rada bio analizirati odabrane nazive u kineziologiji, znanosti koja proučava zakonitosti upravljanja procesom vježbanja i posljedice djelovanja toga procesa na ljudski organizam – sport, rekreacija, sportska rekreacija te fitnes. Odabrani su primjeri analizirani u hrvatskom, engleskom, njemačkom i talijanskom jeziku. Nastojalo se pokazati kako je sport od zabave u općem jeziku postao strukturirana, k cilju orijentirana, natjecateljska, ludička aktivnost u stručnom jeziku, kako je rekreacija zabava, ali i oporavak kroz programiranu sportsku aktivnost unutar koncepta sportske rekreacije te kako se fitnes može promatrati kao težnja za optimalnom fizičkom kvalitetom života. Analiza je pokazala kako opisi odabranih koncepata variraju te da je stručne nazive poželjno promatrati u kontekstu, kako bi se odabrao onaj opis koji osigurava njihovo razumijevanje. Kretanje je metafora života – njihova se povezanost kroz opisane koncepte i pridružene im nazive može pratiti od legenda o postanku svijeta do današnjega koncepta suvremenog načina života koji je usmjeren na njegovo kvalitativno i kreativno određenje.Language changes constantly, and the most frequent changes occur in the lexicon – the origination of new extralinguistic phenomena results in a generation of new words. The aim of this study was to analyse the selected terms in kinesiology, the science that studies the patterns of controlling the process of physical exercise and the results that this process has on the human organism – sport, recreation, recreational sport and fitness. The selected examples were analysed in Croatian, English, German and Italian. An attempt was made to show how sport, from fun in general language, became a structured, goal-oriented, contest-based, ludic physical activity in technical language, that recreation is amusement, but also a recovery through programmed sport activity within the concept of recreational sport, and that fitness can be regarded as the striving for optimal physical quality of life. The analysis showed how the denotations of selected concepts vary, and that technical terms should be considered within a context in order to select the description that will ensure their understanding. Movement is a metaphor of life – their interrelationship may be observed through the described concepts and the names assigned to these concepts – starting from the legends about the genesis of the world to today\u27s concept of contemporary life style that is aimed at its designation in terms of quality and creativity.Die Sprache ist in unablässigem Wandel begriffen, und die häufigsten Veränderungen betreffen den Wortschatz: Das Erscheinen neuer außersprachlicher Phänomene bringt die Entstehung neuer Wörter mit sich. In diesem Artikel sollen bestimmte Begriffe analysiert werden, die in der Sportwissenschaft gebräuchlich sind, welche sich den Gesetzmäßigkeiten gezielter sportlicher Betätigung und ihren Auswirkungen auf den menschlichen Organismus widmet. Diese Begriffe sind: Sport, Rekreation, sportliche Rekreation und Fitness. Die Begriffe wurden im kroatischen, englischen, deutschen und italienischem Sprachgebrauch analysiert. Die Autorinnen bemühten sich zu zeigen, dass aus dem allgemeinsprachlichen Sport im Sinne von Spaß in der Fachsprache eine strukturierte, zielorientierte, spielerische und wettbewerbswillige Aktivität geworden ist; Rekreation ist allgemeinsprachlich ebenfalls gleichbedeutend mit Spaß, meint aber im Rahmen sportlicher Rekreation Erholung durch vorprogrammierte sportliche Aktivität; wiederum Fitness kann als Streben nach optimaler körperlicher Lebensqualität betrachtet werden. Eine Analyse hat ergeben, dass die Beschreibungen der angeführten Konzeptionen variieren und dass es angeraten ist, Fachausdrücke im Kontext zu betrachten, um diejenige Beschreibung zu wählen, die auch das richtige Verständnis sichert. Bewegung ist eine Metapher des Lebens. Der gegenseitige Bezug mittels der beschriebenen Konzeptionen und der entsprechenden Bezeichnungen kann belegt und mitverfolgt werden – von Legenden über die Entstehung der Welt bis hin zu unserem heutigen modernen Lebenskonzept, das auf qualitativ hochwertige und kreative Lebensbestimmung ausgerichtet ist

Collocations in the Language of Dental Medicine: Examples in Oral Medicine

U stomatologiji, točnije u oralnoj medicini kao jednoj od njezinih specijalističkih grana, ili u bilo kojem drugom području struke, postoje određeni pojmovi ili riječi o kojima nastavnici trebaju podučiti studente, a studenti ih moraju naučiti. Štoviše, ti se stručni pojmovi i nazivi često trebaju prevesti. Budući da je engleski postao najrašireniji jezik komunikacije na svijetu, potrebno je određene stručne pojmove i nazive izreći na engleskome i obratno: nazivi na materinskom jeziku, u našem slučaju hrvatskome, trebaju se prevesti na engleski. Poučavanje, učenje i prevođenje posebnih stručnih riječi i kolokacija, kao primjera leksičkih jedinica, vjerojatno predstavlja veliki problem svim sudionicima koji ih rabe u svojem radu. Kolokacije su riječi ili nazivi koji se često i predvidivo zajedno pojavljuju u sintagmatskom nizu i tako mijenjaju značenja pojedinih riječi ili pojmova kad se prevode odvojeno. U ovom su radu u središtu pozornosti kolokacije iz područja oralne medicine. Svrha rada: Ispitati značenja pojedinih riječi koje čine kolokaciju i na taj način pokazati kako se prototipno značenje izraženo u jednom jeziku prenosi i u drugi jezik, te kako se kolokacije razlikuju u dvama jezicima. Materijal i metoda: U ovom istraživanju navedeni su primjeri kolokacija iz područja oralne medicine te raščlanjeni primjenom metode kontrastivne analize. Rezultati: Navedeni primjeri jasno upućuju na određene sličnosti, ali i razlike kojima se mora posvetiti pozornost kod prevođenja, kako bi se postigla istoznačnost i na taj način izbjeglo pogrešno tumačenje kolokacije. Iz analize je jasno da među jezicima ne postoji simetrija. Zaključak: prepoznavanje kolokacija u stručnom jeziku važno je za njihovo bolje razumijevanje i što točnije prevođenje na drugi jezik.Introduction: In dental medicine, that is, in oral medicine as one of its subspecialties, as in any other scientific discipline, there are some specific terms that should be taught and learnt. Moreover, these concepts and terms should be expressed in a foreign language. Since the English language has become the most widespread language of communication in the world, there is a need to express all these concepts ideas and insights in English and vice versa: terms expressed in mother language, in our case Croatian, should be translated into English. Teaching, learning and translating special words and collocations, as the examples of lexical units, are probably major problem areas in this respect. Collocations appear when a sequence of words or terms co-occur more often than would be expected by chance, thus changing the meanings of previously isolated words. In this paper collocations in oral medicine are the focus of interest. The aim was to investigate into meanings of particular words that form a collocation thus showing how the prototypal meaning expressed in one language is communicated into another, and how the collocations differ in the two languages analyzed. Material and methods: In this study examples of collocations used in oral medicine are analysed by employing the method of contrastive analysis. Results: The illustrative examples point to certain differences in the two analyzed languages to which attention must be payed when translating in order to preserve the meaning thus avoiding a misrepresentation of collocation. The results also show that there is no symmetry between the structures of languages. Conclusion: Identifying collocations in technical language is essential for their understanding and accurate translation into another language

SYNONYMS IN THE TECHNICAL LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE, DENTAL MEDICINE AND KINESIOLOGY

Pojava velikog broja sinonima česta je u jeziku medicine, stomatologije, kineziologije itd. Ti nazivi imaju svoje podrijetlo u klasičnim jezicima latinskom i grčkom, a a ponekad se supojavljuju s nazivima u nekom prirodnom jeziku. Ekonomičnost izričaja je važno obilježje znanstvenog jezika. Osnovno terminološko načelo koje treba poštovati je odabir jednoga naziva i njegova pravilna uporaba. Uporaba nekoga naziva može nametnuti drugačiji odabir, naime, nazivi se odabiru između postojećih istoznačnica na način da se preferira uporaba češće korištenog naziva. Sinonimi se razlikuju s obzirom na svoja semantička polja. Stoga ih je potrebno pažljivije definirati kao riječi koje imaju zajedničko osnovno značenjeThe occurrence of a great number of synonyms is frequent in the language of medicine, dental medicine, kinesiology, etc. Those terms have their etymology in classical languages, namely, Greek and Latin, and they sometimes co-occur with terms originating in an indigenous language. The economy of expression is an important feature of scientific language. The basic terminological principle to be followed is to choose one term and to use it consistently. The usage of a term may impose a different selection, namely the terms are selected among the existing synonyms in such a way that the most frequent term is preferred. Synonyms differ as for the range of their semantic fields. They should therefore be more carefully defined as words having a common prototype or core meanin