Fécula de batata na alimentação de cães

Orientador : Profª. Drª. Ananda P. FélixCo-orientadora : Profª. Drª. Ana Rosalia MendesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia. Defesa: Curitiba, 24/03/2016Inclui referências : f. 24-27-38-52-53Área de concentração : Nutrição e produção animalResumo: A proximidade entre os cães e seus tutores induz a busca de dietas cada vez mais elaboradas, contribuindo para o surgimento de novos nichos no setor. É o caso das chamadas dietas grain free, caracterizadas por elevados teores de proteína e lipídios e substituição dos grãos por fontes mais complexas de amido, como é o caso da batata. Objetivou-se avaliar as características do extrusado, os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente (CDA), características fecais e palatabilidade de dietas com crescentes níveis de fécula de batata (FBT) para cães adultos e filhotes. Quatro dietas contendo 0, 10, 20 e 30% de FBT, em substituição ao milho, foram avaliadas em três experimentos. O primeiro consistiu na avaliação das características físicas das dietas durante e após seu processamento. Para digestibilidade e características fecais (Experimento 2) foram comparadas as quatro dietas, com 8 cães adultos (7 anos) e 16 filhotes (6 meses). No teste de preferência alimentar (Experimento 3) foram comparadas as dietas: 0 vs 10% de FBT e 0 vs 30% de FBT, utilizando 16 cães filhotes. Dietas com maior nível de FBT apresentaram maior tamanho de extrusado, índice de expansão, maior dureza, e maior número de poros enquanto a densidade foi reduzida (P<0,001). A inclusão de FBT aumentou o gasto com energia mecânica na extrusão. A inclusão de FBT aumentou (P<0,05) os CDA da matéria seca (MS), energia bruta (EB) e energia metabolizável (EM) da dieta, tanto nos cães adultos como em filhotes e da proteína bruta (PB) e amido total (AT) apenas em filhotes. A matéria seca fecal (MSf) elevou-se com a inclusão de FBT nas dietas, tanto para cães adultos como filhotes (P<0,05). A inclusão de FBT nas dietas reduziu os níveis de nitrogênio amoniacal das fezes dos cães filhotes (P<0,05). Os cães preferiram as dietas com maior inclusão de FBT (P<0,05), quando as umidades das dietas foram igualadas. A adição de FBT na dieta resulta em extrusados com alto índice de expansão, baixa densidade e maior tamanho. A FBT é uma boa fonte de amido para cães adultos e principalmente para filhotes, melhorando os coeficientes de digestibilidade da maioria dos componentes da dieta e aumentando a MSf, além de ser palatável. Palavras-chave: amido, extrusão, tubérculo.Abstract: The proximity between the dogs and their guardians induces the search for ever more elaborate diets, contributing to the emergence of new niches in the sector. This is the case of so-called grain free diets characterized by high levels of protein and lipids and replacement of the grain for more complex sources of starch, such as potato case. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of extruded, the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC), fecal characteristics and palatability of diets with increasing levels of potato starch (FBT) for adult dogs and puppies. Four diets containing 0, 10, 20 and 30% of FBT, replacing corn were evaluated in three experiments. The first consisted in evaluating the physical characteristics of diets during and after processing. For digestibility and fecal characteristics (Experiment 2) four diets were compared with 8 adult dogs (7 years) and 16 young (6 months). In food preference test (Experiment 3) diets were compared: 0 vs 10% FBT and 0 vs 30% FBT using 16 puppies. Diets with higher FBT showed greater size extruded expansion ratio, greater hardness, and greater number of pores while the density was decreased (P <0.001). The inclusion of FBT increased spending on mechanical energy in the extrusion. The inclusion of FBT increased (P <0.05) the ADC of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE) and metabolizable energy (ME) of the diet, both adult dogs and puppies and crude protein (CP) and Total starch (aT) only in puppies. Fecal DM (LDM) is increased by the inclusion in diets FBT, both adult dogs and puppies (P <0.05). The inclusion of FBT in the diets reduced ammonia levels in feces of puppies (P <0.05). The dogs prefer diets containing higher inclusion FBT (P <0.05) when the moisture content of the diets were equalized. The addition of FBT in the diet results in extrudates with high rates of expansion, low density and large size. The FBT is a good source of starch for adult dogs and puppies mainly for improving the digestibility of most components of the diet and increasing MSf, and is palatable. Keywords: extrusion, starch, tubercl

Effect of soybean hulls on blood biochemical profiles and body condition of dogs

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the alterations in blood biochemical profiles and body condition of dogs after intake of the diet without soybean hull (0%SH) and with soybean hull (16%SH) replacing corn. Twelve Beagle dogs with ideal body condition score (BCS) (average: 5) were distributed in a completely randomized design (six animals per treatment) and received the daily amount of food according to the energy needs for maintenance (g/kg weight0.75). The animals were evaluated on days 0 and 28 in relation to the blood biochemical profiles and body measurements, such as: total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL), triglyceride (TAG), glucose, body weight (BW), body fat percentage (%BF), nape, rib, tail base (TB), chest, and abdomen with plicometer, and BCS (scale of 1, thin and 9, obese), canine body mass index (CBMI), and thickness of the adipose tissue of the seventh lumbar vertebra (L7) with ultrasonography. The data were analyzed by Student's t test. The variation (final - initial, mg/dL) of cholesterol (16.33 vs. 15.55), HDL (17.56 vs. 10.05), LDL (22.78 vs. 14.57), VLDL (-4.01 vs. -1.92), TAG (-20.11 vs. -11.66), and glucose (-16.77 vs. -20.31) of dogs fed 0%SH and 16%SH, respectively, showed no difference. The body measurement variation (cm) of TB (1.00 vs. -0.60) obtained a significant difference. The addition of soybean hull in the diet does not alter the blood biochemical profiles; however, it does decrease the deposition of lipids in subcutaneous tissue

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications