Additional file 1 of Radiomics-based discrimination of coronary chronic total occlusion and subtotal occlusion on coronary computed tomography angiography

Supplementary Material

Cell types of different developmental stages in two models of stem cell differentiation

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Developmental stage related patterns of codon usage and genomic GC content: searching for evolutionary fingerprints with models of stem cell differentiation"</p><p>http://genomebiology.com/2007/8/3/R35</p><p>Genome Biology 2007;8(3):R35-R35.</p><p>Published online 12 Mar 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1868930.</p><p></p> Cell types of earlier developmental stages can differentiate into cell types of later developmental stages. The arrowheads indicate the direction of differentiation. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) occupy the earliest developmental stage, as they can give rise to all cell types of the three germ layers. PSCs can generate less potent 'multipotent stem cells' (MSCs), which are capable of generating all the cell lineages in specific tissues. MSCs can, in turn, give rise to lineage-committed progenitors (LCPs), which directly produce mature cells in the later developmental stage. Two models of stem cell differentiation in our research. The cell type colors correspond to the developmental stages shown in (a). The arrows indicate the direction of differentiation within differentiation pairs made up of two neighboring stages in the developmental hierarchy. Model A [54] contains pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs), MSCs in adult hematopoietic (hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)) and neural (neural stem cells (NSCs)) tissues, as well as the main cell populations in bone marrow (BM) and the cells in lateral ventricles of the brain (LVB), which mainly contain mature cells in adult hematopoietic and neural tissues, respectively. Model B [55] contains ESCs and three types of MSCs that reside in fetal neural (fetal neural stem cell (FNSCs)), fetal liver hematopoietic (fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells (FLHSCs)) and adult hematopoietic (long-term functional hematopoietic stem cells (LTHSCs)) tissues. Model B also includes the key intermediate developmental stages of the hematopoietic hierarchy. In adult bone marrow, short-term functional HSCs (STHSC) and bone marrow LCPs are intermediate developmental stages in the course from LTHSCs to mature blood cells (MBCs). Fetal liver LCPs (FLLCPs) comprise an intermediate developmental stage between FLHSCs and FLMBCs. (For a detailed description of each cell type and experimental evidence of these differentiation processes, see Table 1 and Discussion)

DataSheet_1_The relationship between frequent premature ventricular complexes and epicardial adipose tissue volume.docx

BackgroundEpicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is related to atrial fibrillation. The association between EAT volume and premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of EAT volume on the risk of frequent PVCs and burden levels of PVCs.MethodsThis observational study retrospectively recruited consecutive patients who had consultation between 2019 and 2021 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Frequent PVC patients (n = 402) and control patients (n = 402) undergoing non-contrast computed tomography (CT) were enrolled. We selected evaluation criteria for the conduct of a 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. Multivariable logistic analysis was used to investigate factors related to frequent PVCs. Furthermore, the determinants of EAT volume and the burden levels of PVCs were evaluated.ResultsPatients with PVCs had a significantly larger EAT volume than control patients. EAT volume was significantly larger in male PVC patients with BMI ≥24 kg/m2, diabetes mellitus, and E/A ratio ConclusionsEAT volume was larger in frequent PVC patients than in control patients, regardless of other confounding factors. A large EAT volume was independently associated with high burden levels of PVCs. EAT volume may be a new mechanism to explain the pathogenesis of PVCs.</p

An overview of sequencing.

<p>An overview of sequencing.</p

Discovery of microRNAs during early spermatogenesis in chicken

<div><p>Spermatogenesis is a complex process that involves many elements. However, until now, little is known at the molecular level about spermatogenesis in poultry. Here we investigated microRNAs and their target genes that may be involved in germ cell development and spermatogonial in chicken. We used next-generation sequencing to analyze miRNA expression profiles in three types of germline cells: primordial germ cells (PGCs), spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), and spermatogonia (Sp) during early stage of spermatogenesis. After validated the candidate miRNAs and corresponding genes’ expression in three types of cells, we found 15 miRNAs that were enriched 21 target genes that may be involved in spermatogenesis. Among the enriched miRNAs, miR-202-5p/3p were up-regulated in the Sp library and down-regulated in the PGCs library. Through RT-qPCR and Dual-Luciferase reporter assay, we confirmed that miR-202-5p bind to <i>LIMK2</i> and involved in germ cell development. Collectively, we firstly discover the novel miRNAs, like miR-202-5p, and its related genes and pathways, expressed during the early spermatogonial stage in chicken, which will provide new clues for deciphering the molecular mechanism of the miRNAs regulating germline stem cell differentiation and spermatogenesis in chicken.</p></div

An overview of sequencing.

<p>An overview of sequencing.</p

Differentially expressed miRNAs and their target genes.

<p>(a) Numbers of miRNAs in each comparison. (b) Venn analysis of the differentially expressed miRNAs in three comparisons. (c) GO analysis of the target genes of four common differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-202-3p, miR-202-5p, miR-147, and miR-126-3p). (d) KEGG analysis of the target genes of four common differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-202-3p, miR-202-5p, miR-147, and miR-126-3p). (e) Expression patterns of four common differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-202-3p, miR-202-5p, miR-147, and miR-126-3p). Red indicates up-regulated; green indicates down-regulated.</p

Analyses of the most abundant mature miRNAs in the PGCs, SSCs, and Sp libraries.

<p>(a) Venn analysis of the group with counts ≥10000. (b) GO analysis of the target genes of 11 common miRNAs. (c) KEGG pathway analysis of the target genes of 11 common miRNAs. (d) Expression patterns of 11 common miRNAs in the three types of cells. Red indicates up-regulated; green indicates down-regulated.</p

Identification of PGCs, SSCs, and Sp cells by flow cytometry sorting.

<p>The primordial germ cells (PGCs) and spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) were cultured for 48 hours. The spermatogonia (Sp) cells were isolated directly from testes. (<b>a</b>) The PGCs capture in light (200×), (b) the PGCs identified with c-kit antibody marked with FITC and capture in dark (200×), (c) the PGCs stain with DAPI and capture in dark (200×), (g) it was a merge figure include (a-c). (d) The SSCs capture in light (200×), (e) the SSCs marked with integrin alpha 6 antibody (FITC) (200×), (f) the SSCs stain with DAPI and capture in dark (200×), (h) it was a merge figure include (d-f). (<b>c</b>) The Sp cells were collected by flow cytometry (200×). (i) The Sp cells were isolated and recorded in light. Bar = 20 μm.</p

Abundance distributions of known and novel miRNAs in the PGCs, SSCs, and Sp libraries.

<p>(a) The known miRNAs and (b) the novel miRNAs. We chose the most abundant in three libraries to analyze.</p