Monomery pro nové fosfonátové oligonukleotidy, potenciální inhibitory RNasy L

Synthetic route for the preparation of 2',3'-O-phosphonoalkylidene , and 3',5'-O-phosphonoalkylidene ribonucleotide monomers for automated oligonucleotide synthesis (a phosphotriester condensation approach) has been developed

“Bear Guiding”. On Possible Alternatives of the Interpretation of Shrovetide Customs in Upper Silesia

“Bear guiding” is one of most characteristic and still practiced rites during the carnival period in Upper Silesia. The course and the internal structure of the ritual, especially the participation of a zoomorphic figure of “bear” in the ceremony, allows us to search for the interpretational analogies to other cultural facts. The study is focused on the role of animals in the folk culture and on a comparative analysis of the symbolic meaning of “bear” in the cycle of annual rites. The final conclusion address the culture-shaping role of animals with reference to selected elements of mythology.Wodzenie niedźwiedzia to jeden z najbardziej wyrazistych i wciąż szeroko kultywowanych na Górnym Śląsku obrzędów zapustnych. Przebieg oraz wewnętrzna struktura obrzędu, a zwłaszcza udział w obrzędzie zoomorficznej postaci niedźwiedzia pozwala na daleko idące poszukiwania interpretacyjnych analogii względem innych faktów kulturowych. Artykuł skupia się przede wszystkim na roli zwierząt w kulturze ludowej oraz porównawczej analizie symbolicznego znaczenia niedźwiedzia w cyklu obrzędów dorocznych. Wnioski końcowe odnoszą się do kulturotwórczej roli zwierzą w odniesieniu do wybranych elementów mitologii

Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Phosphinic Acids R ' P(O)OHR ''

1 - ArticleA new synthesis of unsymmetrical phosphinic acids R'P(O)OHR '' has been evaluated. The first P-C bond was formed by base-promoted H-phosphinate alkylation of a protected H-phosphinate, which is easier and safer to handle. A one-pot methodology was developed for the second P-C bond formation reaction that involves the sila-Arbuzov reaction. This methodology was then extended to the synthesis of a dialkylphosphinic acid with an amino functionality. ((C) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009

Atomic scissors: a new method of tracking the 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-labeled DNA in situ.

A new method of the light microscopy detection of BrdU-labeled DNA in situ is described. It is based on the oxidative attack at the deoxyribose moiety by copper(I) in the presence of oxygen, which leads to the abstraction of hydrogen atom from deoxyribose culminating in the elimination of the nucleobase, scission of the nucleic-acid strand and formation of frequent gaps. The gaps allow the reaction of the antibodies with the commonly used markers of replication (e.g. 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine), which are otherwise masked. The method developed makes it possible to detect nuclear and mitochondrial DNA replication efficiently. In most cases, it does not inhibit effective protein detections and in addition enables simultaneous localization of newly-synthesized RNA. The alternative presently-used methods result in protein denaturation and/or extensive DNA cleavage followed by the DNA-bound proteins peeling off