Avaliação do efeito do álcool em baixas concentrações na perda óssea alveolar em ratos wistar

A relação entre o álcool e as doenças periodontais destrutivas tem sido avaliada em humanos através de estudos transversais e longitudinais na última década. As investigações apontam para resultados conflitantes sobre a influência do consumo de bebidas alcoólicas na progressão da periodontite. Em quatro estudos recentes realizados em ratos Wistar, o consumo de álcool com concentrações entre 10% e 30% esteve associado a uma maior perda óssea alveolar. Nestes estudos, os métodos de avaliação da perda óssea alveolar em estudos de modelo animal tem sido realizados de formas distintas, impedindo uma comparação direta em investigações que utilizaram diferentes concentrações de álcool. Contudo, a literatura tem correlacionado o consumo de concentrações moderadas de bebidas alcoólicas com uma melhora no sistema imunológico e uma redução em marcadores inflamatórios sistêmicos, reduzindo a ocorrência de eventos cardiovasculares e aterosclerose. O mecanismo de atuação do álcool nestes parâmetros parece ser ambíguo e dependente da dose, do padrão de consumo e de características individuais variáveis. Os resultados conflitantes sobre a relação entre consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e doença periodontal podem sugerir esse padrão bifásico do álcool. Não existem estudos em modelo animal que avaliaram o impacto da administração de concentrações menores de álcool sobre a perda óssea alveolar. A discussão acerca de metodologias adequadas para estudos em animais e interpretação dos resultados encontra-se limitada em poucos estudos. A presente tese propôs-se a avaliar o impacto do consumo de álcool numa concentração de 5% na destruição periodontal em um modelo de periodontite induzida por ligaduras em ratos Wistar. Uma comparação entre dois métodos distintos para a quantificação da perda óssea alveolar também foi realizada. Através de uma avaliação morfométrica, tanto linear quanto de área, verificou-se que os ratos que receberam etanol em uma concentração de 5% apresentaram uma menor perda óssea do que os ratos do grupo controle em dentes que não receberam ligadura (0.32±0.07 e 0.37±0.07 respectivamente;p=0.04). Apesar da menor perda óssea apresentada pelos ratos do grupo teste também nos dentes que haviam recebido ligadura, tais diferenças não foram estatisticamente significantes (0.78±0.14 e 0.84±0.18 respectivamente;p=0.14). Um valor de Correlação de Pearson de 0.98 foi encontrado estre os métodos de avalição de perda óssea alveolar lineares e de área, indicando de uma correlação quase perfeita.Sendo assim, ambos os métodos revelaram eficazes na detecção de alterações na crista óssea alveolar.Os resultados do presente estudo revelam que o consumo de álcool em concentrações moderadas (5%) pode inibir a perda óssea alveolar em ratos Wistar.The relationship between alcohol and periodontal disease have been evaluated in humans throughout cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the last decade. The investigations have led to conflicting results about the influence of alcohol drinking on periodontitis progression. In four studies with Wistar rats, alcohol consumption in concentrations ranging between 10% to 30% was associated with greater alveolar bone loss. In these studies,different methods of bone loss evaluation have been used in animal model studies and it turns difficult to make a direct comparison between investigations that utilized different alcohol concentrations. However, the literature has associated moderate alcohol consumption with improvement in immunological status and reduction in inflammatory markers, reducing cardiovascular events and atherosclerosis. The mechanisms by which alcohol influences these parameters seems to be ambiguous and dependent of dose, pattern of consumption and individual characteristics. The conflicting results between beverage consumption and periodontal disease may suggest the biphasic pattern of alcohol. There aren’t studies in animal models that evaluated the impact of low alcohol concentrations on alveolar bone loss. Discussion about methodological issues and results interpretation in relation to studies in animals are restricted to few studies. The aim of the present thesis was to evaluate the impact of alcohol consumption in a concentration of 5% on periodontal breakdown in a ligature periodontitis-induced model. Also, a comparison between two distinct methods for bone loss assessment was evaluated. Linear and area morphometric evaluation revealed that rats receiving ethanol 5% presented less alveolar bone loss than rats in control group in unligated teeth (0.32±0.07 and 0.37±0.07 respectively;p=0.04). Despite the fact that rats in test group presented less alveolar bone loss even in ligated teeth when compared to controls,differences were no statistically significantly (0.78±0.14 and 0.84±0.18 respectively;p=0.14).A value of 0.98 were found in Pearson’s Correlation between linear and area morphometric methods of evaluating alveolar bone loss indicating an almost perfect correlation. Both methods were reliable for detecting alterations in alveolar bone crest. The results of the present study revealed that alcohol consumption in moderate concentrations (5%) may inhibit alveolar bone loss in Wistar rats

Avaliação do efeito do álcool em baixas concentrações na perda óssea alveolar em ratos wistar

A relação entre o álcool e as doenças periodontais destrutivas tem sido avaliada em humanos através de estudos transversais e longitudinais na última década. As investigações apontam para resultados conflitantes sobre a influência do consumo de bebidas alcoólicas na progressão da periodontite. Em quatro estudos recentes realizados em ratos Wistar, o consumo de álcool com concentrações entre 10% e 30% esteve associado a uma maior perda óssea alveolar. Nestes estudos, os métodos de avaliação da perda óssea alveolar em estudos de modelo animal tem sido realizados de formas distintas, impedindo uma comparação direta em investigações que utilizaram diferentes concentrações de álcool. Contudo, a literatura tem correlacionado o consumo de concentrações moderadas de bebidas alcoólicas com uma melhora no sistema imunológico e uma redução em marcadores inflamatórios sistêmicos, reduzindo a ocorrência de eventos cardiovasculares e aterosclerose. O mecanismo de atuação do álcool nestes parâmetros parece ser ambíguo e dependente da dose, do padrão de consumo e de características individuais variáveis. Os resultados conflitantes sobre a relação entre consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e doença periodontal podem sugerir esse padrão bifásico do álcool. Não existem estudos em modelo animal que avaliaram o impacto da administração de concentrações menores de álcool sobre a perda óssea alveolar. A discussão acerca de metodologias adequadas para estudos em animais e interpretação dos resultados encontra-se limitada em poucos estudos. A presente tese propôs-se a avaliar o impacto do consumo de álcool numa concentração de 5% na destruição periodontal em um modelo de periodontite induzida por ligaduras em ratos Wistar. Uma comparação entre dois métodos distintos para a quantificação da perda óssea alveolar também foi realizada. Através de uma avaliação morfométrica, tanto linear quanto de área, verificou-se que os ratos que receberam etanol em uma concentração de 5% apresentaram uma menor perda óssea do que os ratos do grupo controle em dentes que não receberam ligadura (0.32±0.07 e 0.37±0.07 respectivamente;p=0.04). Apesar da menor perda óssea apresentada pelos ratos do grupo teste também nos dentes que haviam recebido ligadura, tais diferenças não foram estatisticamente significantes (0.78±0.14 e 0.84±0.18 respectivamente;p=0.14). Um valor de Correlação de Pearson de 0.98 foi encontrado estre os métodos de avalição de perda óssea alveolar lineares e de área, indicando de uma correlação quase perfeita.Sendo assim, ambos os métodos revelaram eficazes na detecção de alterações na crista óssea alveolar.Os resultados do presente estudo revelam que o consumo de álcool em concentrações moderadas (5%) pode inibir a perda óssea alveolar em ratos Wistar.The relationship between alcohol and periodontal disease have been evaluated in humans throughout cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the last decade. The investigations have led to conflicting results about the influence of alcohol drinking on periodontitis progression. In four studies with Wistar rats, alcohol consumption in concentrations ranging between 10% to 30% was associated with greater alveolar bone loss. In these studies,different methods of bone loss evaluation have been used in animal model studies and it turns difficult to make a direct comparison between investigations that utilized different alcohol concentrations. However, the literature has associated moderate alcohol consumption with improvement in immunological status and reduction in inflammatory markers, reducing cardiovascular events and atherosclerosis. The mechanisms by which alcohol influences these parameters seems to be ambiguous and dependent of dose, pattern of consumption and individual characteristics. The conflicting results between beverage consumption and periodontal disease may suggest the biphasic pattern of alcohol. There aren’t studies in animal models that evaluated the impact of low alcohol concentrations on alveolar bone loss. Discussion about methodological issues and results interpretation in relation to studies in animals are restricted to few studies. The aim of the present thesis was to evaluate the impact of alcohol consumption in a concentration of 5% on periodontal breakdown in a ligature periodontitis-induced model. Also, a comparison between two distinct methods for bone loss assessment was evaluated. Linear and area morphometric evaluation revealed that rats receiving ethanol 5% presented less alveolar bone loss than rats in control group in unligated teeth (0.32±0.07 and 0.37±0.07 respectively;p=0.04). Despite the fact that rats in test group presented less alveolar bone loss even in ligated teeth when compared to controls,differences were no statistically significantly (0.78±0.14 and 0.84±0.18 respectively;p=0.14).A value of 0.98 were found in Pearson’s Correlation between linear and area morphometric methods of evaluating alveolar bone loss indicating an almost perfect correlation. Both methods were reliable for detecting alterations in alveolar bone crest. The results of the present study revealed that alcohol consumption in moderate concentrations (5%) may inhibit alveolar bone loss in Wistar rats

Dentine hypersensitivity: analysis of self-care products

Dentine hypersensitivity is a condition that is often present in individuals, leading them to seek dental treatment. It has been described as an acute, provoked pain that is not attributable to other dental problems. Its actual prevalence is unknown, but it is interpreted as very unpleasant by individuals. Several therapeutic alternatives are available to manage dentine hypersensitivity, involving both in-office treatment and home-use products. The aim of this literature review was to evaluate self-care products for managing dentine hypersensitivity. Among the products available, dentifrices and fluorides are the most studied self-care products, with positive effects. However, a high percentage of individuals is affected by the placebo effect. Among dentifrices, those containing potassium salts seem to be the most promising. Dental professionals need to understand the advantages and limitations of these therapies and use this knowledge in a positive approach that might help in decreasing dentine hypersensitivity among patients

Dentine hypersensitivity : analysis of self-care products

Dentine hypersensitivity is a condition that is often present in individuals, leading them to seek dental treatment. It has been described as an acute, provoked pain that is not attributable to other dental problems. Its actual prevalence is unknown, but it is interpreted as very unpleasant by individuals. Several therapeutic alternatives are available to manage dentine hypersensitivity, involving both in-office treatment and home-use products. The aim of this literature review was to evaluate self-care products for managing dentine hypersensitivity. Among the products available, dentifrices and fluorides are the most studied self-care products, with positive effects. However, a high percentage of individuals is affected by the placebo effect. Among dentifrices, those containing potassium salts seem to be the most promising. Dental professionals need to understand the advantages and limitations of these therapies and use this knowledge in a positive approach that might help in decreasing dentine hypersensitivity among patients

Comparison of two methods for alveolar bone loss measurement in an experimental periodontal disease model in rats

There are many studies that evaluate possible risk factors for periodontal diseases in animals. Most of them have focused only on the biological aspects of disease occurrence; therefore, it has been difficult to compare studies of the different methodological approaches. The aim of the present study was to compare different methods - linear and area - of the evaluation of morphometrical alveolar bone loss. Sixty hemimaxillae, defleshed and stained with 1% methylene blue to delineate the cementoenamel junction and alveolar bone crest, were obtained from a previous study that induced periodontal disease by means of ligatures in two groups of fifteen Wistar rats during 9 weeks. Ligatures were placed around the right upper second molars, and the contra-lateral teeth remained as intra-group controls. Digital photographs were taken from the specimens and submitted to a single, calibrated, blind examiner who performed the morphometrical evaluation of alveolar bone loss using both linear and area methods. Mean values of linear and area measurements were obtained from each side - buccal and palatal - of the specimens. The degree of association between the two methods was determined by Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. An almost perfect association (0.98) was determined between the linear and area evaluations. A mathematical formula was subsequently created to estimate the total area of alveolar bone loss, from linear mean measurements. Both methods were suitable for detecting bone level alterations. The results of the present study allow for the transformation of data and better compilation of results from different studies